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The Arabian Seas Marine Region encompasses marine areas from Djibouti to Pakistan, including the northern part of Somalia, the Red Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf, and parts of the Arabian Sea. Human pressures on the coastal and marine environments are evident throughout the region, and have resulted in harmful environmental effects. Oil and domestic, urban and industrial pollutants in several areas of this part of the world have caused local habitat degradation, eutrophication and algal blooms. Further, coastal landfill, dredging, and sedimentation, as well as nutrient and sediment runoff from phosphate mining, agriculture and grazing, and reduction in freshwater seepage due to groundwater extraction are all contributing to the degradation of coastal environments. This book discusses aspects not covered in other books on the region, which largely focus on marine biodiversity, and examines several environmental challenges that are often ignored, but which have a significant impact on the environment. Evaluating the status quo, it also recommends conservation measures and examines the abiotic factors that play a major main role in the environmental changes. Lastly, the book addresses the biodiversity of the area, providing a general context for the conservation and management measures discussed.
This volume reviews present sources and levels of pollution in The Gulf, assesses their causes and effects on biota and ecosystems, and identifies preventive and remedial measures reducing levels of pollution and mitigating adverse impacts. It is supported by UNESCO, Doha.
Officials and religious scholars in the Gulf states have repeatedly banned the teaching of the theory of evolution because of its association with atheism. But Jorg Matthias Determann argues here that, despite official prohibition, research on biological evolution has flourished, due in large part to the development of academic and professional networks. This book traces these networks through the history of various branches of biology, including botany, conservation research, ornithology and palaeontology. Typical of rentier societies, some of the scientific networks in this region consist of vertical patron-client relationships. For example, those in power who are interested in wildlife conservation have been known to offer patronage to biologists working on desert ecology. However, just as important are the horizontal links between scientists both within the Gulf region and beyond. Given the strengths and importance of these two forms of professional networks, Determann argues that we should look at the Arab world as an area interconnected with global science, and therefore fully integrated into the scientific and technological advances being pioneered worldwide.
The term biodiversity defines not only all the variety of life in the Earth but also their complex interactions. Under the current scenario of biodiversity loss, and in order to preserve it, it is essential to achieve a deep understanding on all the aspects related to the biological interactions, including their functioning and significance. This volume contains several contributions (nineteen in total) that illustrate the state of the art of the academic research in the field of biological interactions in its widest sense; that is, not only the interactions between living organisms are considered, but also those between living organisms and abiotic elements of the environment as well as those between living organisms and the humans.
Coral Reefs of the Gulf: Adaptation to Climatic Extremes is a complete review and reference for scientists, engineers and students concerned with the geology, biology or engineering aspects of coral reefs in the Middle East. It provides for the first time a complete review of both the geology and biology of all extant coral areas in the Gulf, the water body between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. In summer, this area is the hottest sea with abundant coral growth on earth and already today exhibits a temperature that is predicted to occur across the topical ocean in 2100. Thus, by studying the Gulf today, much can be learned about tomorrow’s world and the capability of coral reefs to adapt to climatic extremes. This volume provides the most authoritative and up-to-date review of the coral reefs in the Gulf. It can be used as a volume of general reference or as a textbook treating recent coral reefs. Written by local and international experts, the text is richly illustrated and will remain a standard reference for the region for decades to come. Contributions stretch from climatology through geology, biology, ecological modelling and fisheries science to practical conservation aspects. The book is useful for the technical expert and casual reader alike.
Contains 31 contributions presenting the results of recent decades' research on the extensive intertidal and inland saline flats of the Arabian Gulf Region, known colloquially as sabkhat. Only relatively recently acknowledged to be valuable ecosystems with research, development, and conservation value, sabkhat are thoroughly explored in this volume by biologists, geologists, archaeologists, ecologists, botanists, zoologists, and other researchers and scientists from many countries. The volume's 31 contributions are organized into three sections: distribution of sabkhat within the Arabian Peninsula and the adjacent countries (13); sabkha ecology (14); and sabkha land use and development (4). The book includes some fairly low-key b & w photographs, charts, and maps. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation, Second Edition, Volume Two: The Indian Ocean to the Pacific provides a comprehensive review of the environmental condition of the seas from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific. Each chapter is written by experts in the field who provide historical overviews in environmental terms, current environmental status, major problems arising from human use, informed comments on major trends, problems and successes, and recommendations for the future. The book is an invaluable worldwide reference source for students and researchers who are concerned with marine environmental science, fisheries, oceanography and engineering and coastal zone development. - Covers regional issues that help countries find solutions to environmental decline that may have already developed elsewhere - Provides scientific reviews of regional issues, thus empowering managers and policymakers to make progress in under-resourced countries and regions - Includes comprehensive maps and updated statistics in each region covered
This illustrated atlas describes 256 extant brachyuran crab species in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Identification keys are provided for 37 brachyuran families, 144 genera and 256 species on the basis of their main synapomorphies. Brief but precise descriptions highlighting the main characteristics are also provided for every family. The atlas displays features high-quality color photos, offering a hands-on guide and equipping readers to readily diagnose crab species in the region. Importantly, a line drawing of the first male gonopod, as well as its main diagnostic characteristics, are provided for all species. Further, every species is supplemented with synonymies that encompass the original descriptions, overall revision of the given taxa, monographs and all records from the northwestern Indian Ocean including the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. For each species, the book provides detailed local and global distribution maps, together with important ecological data including habitat preference. Further, it includes a general introduction to the brachyuran crabs with schematic drawings of their external morphology, as well as a comprehensive introduction to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman as marine ecoregions (geography, hydrology, biology, and environmental condition). The book offers an indispensable guide for all professionals, researchers, and students interested in brachyuran crabs around the globe and particularly in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.
These volumes are part of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The three volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Common Fundamentals and Unit Operations in Thermal Desalination Systems such as: Conventional Water Treatment Technologies; Guidelines for Potable Water Purification; Advanced Treatment Technologies for Recycle - Reuse of Domestic Wastewater; Composition of Desalinated Water; Crystallization; Deep Bed Filtration: Modeling Theory and Practice; Distillation ; Rectification; Flocculation and Flocculation Filtration; Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies; Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration; Post-Treatment of Distillate and Permeate; Pre-Cleaning Measures: Filtration; Raw Water Pre-Treatment: Sludge Treatment Technologies; Supercritical Extraction; Potential for Industrial Wastewater Reuse; Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Membrane Bioreactors; Unconventional Sources of Water Supply; Problem of Non-Condensable Gas Release in Evaporators; Entrainment in Evaporators; Mist Eliminators; Chemical Hazards in Seawater Desalination by the Multistage-Flash Evaporation Technique; Concentration of Liquid Foods; Environmental Impact of Seawater Desalination Plants; Environmental Impacts of Intakes and Out Falls; Industrial Ecology, Water Resources, and Desalination; Rural and Urban Water Supply and Sanitation; Sustainable Development, Water Supply and Sanitation Technology These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers.