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Chemokines are major mediators of immune cells and are involved in a wide range of proinflammatory human diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and organ transplant rejection. It has recently been discovered that their receptors are involved in HIV infection. The characterization of these molecules and their receptors is thus of primary importance in understanding a number of human diseases and infections. This volume and its companion Volume 287 Chemokines provide comprehensive experimental protocols used in this field of research. Key Features * Chemokine receptors * Chemokines in disease * Signal transduction of chemokines
This book gathers outstanding papers presented at the International Conference on Data Science and Applications (ICDSA 2019), held at Kautilya Institute of Technology and Engineering, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, from 2 to 3 December 2019. It covers theoretical and empirical developments in various areas of big data analytics, big data technologies, decision tree learning, wireless communication, wireless sensor networking, bioinformatics and systems, artificial neural networks, deep learning, genetic algorithms, data mining, fuzzy logic, optimization algorithms, image processing, computational intelligence in civil engineering, creative computing, etc.
Science never solves apr oblem without creating ten more Geor ge Bernard Shaw How prophetic the above words prove to be when applied to the advances of 20th century medicine. Prior to Banting and Best, chnicians were unaware of the ravages of diabetes, patients simply wasted away and died. Following the purifica tion of insulin, clinicians now had to deal with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neph ropathy and all the other complications of long-term diabetes. A little over 50 years ago, the first successful human kidney transplant was performed in Boston. The first 30 years of the experience had successes when compared to the alternative but were a constant struggle to get even 50% of the grafts from deceased donors to survive more than a year. However, the science continued to advance knowledge of the immune response. With this came more and increasingly powerful tools for the clinician. Suddenly, success rates of 80-90% at one year were attainable. With this success came new problems, new complications and clinicians now had to worry about the long-term consequences of their therapy as patients were surviving with functional grafts for extended periods. A particular infectious complication evolved with the application of ever more powerful immunosuppressant drugs. Astute clinicians noted that occasionally cellular rejections seemed to get worse with steroids. Despite their best efforts and the use of powerful drugs, patients lost their grafts to overwhelming interstitial infiltrates not seen before.