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Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles describes the most interesting and investigated biomedical applications of nanoparticles, emphasizing their therapeutic impact. Progress made in the therapy of severe diseases, such as cancer and difficult infections is strictly correlated to the scientific progress and technological development in the field of materials science. Nanoparticles have numerous therapeutic applications, starting with the design of new drugs, delivery systems, therapeutic materials, and their contribution to the development of preventive strategies. The book highlights the impact of nanoparticles on the therapy of infections, antimicrobial effect and also anti-cancer strategies. Successful examples are given throughout the book, along with analysis in order to improve future outcomes of novel therapies. - Highlights the term nanotherapeutics and presents several classifications of nanotherapeutics from different points-of-view - Presents the recent progress related to nanotherapeutics in the oral cavity - Provides the recent progress in the field of biomedical nanoparticles
Drugs usually have no natural affinity for the cells, tissues and organs where therapeutic effects are needed, which frequently results in low efficiency and unwanted side effects. This concern is even more profound when using highly potent and cytotoxic anticancer drugs or specific agents, such as enzymes and genetic materials, since their effective and safe action requires precise cellular or even sub-cellular addressing in the target organ. To meet safety, efficiency and specificity requirements, drugs somehow must be targeted to the sites of their expected therapeutic action. The idea of the "magic bullet," or drug targeting, proposed by Erlich a century ago, generates great and continuously growing interest in biomedical, industrial and financial circles. This book is focused on the strategies designed to target therapeutic or diagnostic agents to the disease sites. In an attempt to include in this volume the set of chapters reflecting both traditional and emerging areas of drug targeting, we have contacted many leading scientists in the field asking for their contributions. Their responses were most favorable and encouraging. As a result, we have succeeded in assembling a series of outstanding contributions reflecting practically all the key areas of drug targeting. The final structure of this book is as follows.
This book includes general principles of drug targeting, targeting in the cardiovascular system, tumor targeting, brain targeting, miscellaneous targeting and novel approaches for targeting (new horizons). It is designed in a course-like fashion: from more general and simple to more specific and complex material. This framework will help even unfamiliar readers to learn new topics and navigate in the text. Although the book is aimed primarily at industrial and academic pharmacologists and drug discovery researchers, its design will make the book useful for advanced level graduate students. The book focuses on ligand-mediated drug targeting strategies, with additional chapters on general aspects of drug delivery that are of paramount importance in drug targeting (biological barriers, stealth technologies). Included are topics on targeting of genetic materials important in the biomedical context of the ligand-mediated targeting.
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
BIOMEDICAL DATA MINING FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL This book not only emphasizes traditional computational techniques, but discusses data mining, biomedical image processing, information retrieval with broad coverage of basic scientific applications. Biomedical Data Mining for Information Retrieval comprehensively covers the topic of mining biomedical text, images and visual features towards information retrieval. Biomedical and health informatics is an emerging field of research at the intersection of information science, computer science, and healthcare and brings tremendous opportunities and challenges due to easily available and abundant biomedical data for further analysis. The aim of healthcare informatics is to ensure the high-quality, efficient healthcare, better treatment and quality of life by analyzing biomedical and healthcare data including patient’s data, electronic health records (EHRs) and lifestyle. Previously, it was a common requirement to have a domain expert to develop a model for biomedical or healthcare; however, recent advancements in representation learning algorithms allows us to automatically to develop the model. Biomedical image mining, a novel research area, due to the vast amount of available biomedical images, increasingly generates and stores digitally. These images are mainly in the form of computed tomography (CT), X-ray, nuclear medicine imaging (PET, SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound. Patients’ biomedical images can be digitized using data mining techniques and may help in answering several important and critical questions relating to healthcare. Image mining in medicine can help to uncover new relationships between data and reveal new useful information that can be helpful for doctors in treating their patients. Audience Researchers in various fields including computer science, medical informatics, healthcare IOT, artificial intelligence, machine learning, image processing, clinical big data analytics.
Advanced Drug Delivery Systems in the Management of Cancer discusses recent developments in nanomedicine and nano-based drug delivery systems used in the treatment of cancers affecting the blood, lungs, brain, and kidneys. The research presented in this book includes international collaborations in the area of novel drug delivery for the treatment of cancer. Cancer therapy remains one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine, as successful treatment requires the elimination of malignant cells that are closely related to normal cells within the body. Advanced drug delivery systems are carriers for a wide range of pharmacotherapies used in many applications, including cancer treatment. The use of such carrier systems in cancer treatment is growing rapidly as they help overcome the limitations associated with conventional drug delivery systems. Some of the conventional limitations that these advanced drug delivery systems help overcome include nonspecific targeting, systemic toxicity, poor oral bioavailability, reduced efficacy, and low therapeutic index. This book begins with a brief introduction to cancer biology. This is followed by an overview of the current landscape in pharmacotherapy for the cancer management. The need for advanced drug delivery systems in oncology and cancer treatment is established, and the systems that can be used for several specific cancers are discussed. Several chapters of the book are devoted to discussing the latest technologies and advances in nanotechnology. These include practical solutions on how to design a more effective nanocarrier for the drugs used in cancer therapeutics. Each chapter is written with the goal of informing readers about the latest advancements in drug delivery system technologies while reinforcing understanding through various detailed tables, figures, and illustrations. Advanced Drug Delivery Systems in the Management of Cancer is a valuable resource for anyone working in the fields of cancer biology and drug delivery, whether in academia, research, or industry. The book will be especially useful for researchers in drug formulation and drug delivery as well as for biological and translational researchers working in the field of cancer. - Presents an overview of the recent perspectives and challenges within the management and diagnosis of cancer - Provides insights into how advanced drug delivery systems can effectively be used in the management of a wide range of cancers - Includes up-to-date information on diagnostic methods and treatment strategies using controlled drug delivery systems
together with the oncologist. For man, the laser must be moved out of the laboratory into the operating room. At present, its true position in the cancer therapy program is not yet known. The greatest attention is being directed to melanoma because of the tremendous energy adsorption capabilities of this heavily pigmented tumor. The next area of interest is in uncommon and com mon tumors of blood vessels. Here, too, the color factor influences to a signifi cant degree the absorption of the laser. Multiple accessible malignancies are treated also by the laser chiefly to compare the effect here with other modalities of therapy. Finally, as a type of therapy of desperation, lasers are used in the treatment of metastatic lesions. This then, is the brief introduction to the study of the current status of laser cancer research. Intense, difficult and cooperative research of the next few years will determine the role of the laser, an "optical knife", as an investi gative or therapeutic instrument. T able of Contents Chapter 1 Laser Instrumentation 1 Chapter 2 Laser Protection . 8 Chapter 3 The Laser Reaction in Tissue 13 Chapter 4 Color Qualities of Tissue in Relation to Laser Radiation 16 Chapter 5 Laser Radiation of Tissue Cultures .
Materials for Biomedical Engineering: Organic Micro- and Nanostructures provides an updated perspective on recent research regarding the use of organic particles in biomedical applications. The different types of organic micro- and nanostructures are discussed, as are innovative applications and new synthesis methods. As biomedical applications of organic micro- and nanostructures are very diverse and their impact on modern and future therapy, diagnosis and prophylaxis of diseases is huge, this book presents a timely resource on the topic. Users will find the latest information on cancer and gene therapy, diagnosis, drug delivery, green synthesis of nano- and microparticles, and much more. - Provides knowledge of the range of organic micro- and nanostructures available, enabling the reader to make optimal materials selection decisions - Presents detailed information on current and proposed applications of the latest biomedical materials - Places a strong emphasis on the characterization, production and use of organic nanoparticles in biomedicine, such as gene therapy, DNA interaction and cancer management