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This book provides the research directions for new or junior researchers who are going to use machine learning approaches for biological pattern discovery. The book was written based on the research experience of the author's several research projects in collaboration with biologists worldwide. The chapters are organised to address individual biological pattern discovery problems. For each subject, the research methodologies and the machine learning algorithms which can be employed are introduced and compared. Importantly, each chapter was written with the aim to help the readers to transfer their knowledge in theory to practical implementation smoothly. Therefore, the R programming environment was used for each subject in the chapters. The author hopes that this book can inspire new or junior researchers' interest in biological pattern discovery using machine learning algorithms.
Due to its capability of handling very complex problems and its high flexibility in adapting to different algorithms, the kernel machine plays a crucial role in machine learning.Bio-Kernel Machines and Applications will introduce a new type of kernel machine for the exploration and modeling between the genotypic inherent structures of short protein sequences or nucleic sequences and the phenotypic biological properties or functions of proteins or nucleotides.The book seeks to establish the fundamentals of the bio-kernel machines by presenting the basic principle and theory of the kernel machine and the various formats of kernel machines, such as string kernel machines adapted for biological applications. The book will also introduce several biological applications of the mutation matrices, demonstrating how mutation matrices can enhance the efficiency and biological relevance of machine learning models applied in specific biological problems.Through analyzing current applications of bio-kernel machines, readers will delve into the advantages of the bio-kernel machines and explore how bio-kernel machines can be further enhanced to tackle a wide spectrum of biological challenges and pave the way for future advancements.
This book covers a wide range of subjects in applying machine learning approaches for bioinformatics projects. The book succeeds on two key unique features. First, it introduces the most widely used machine learning approaches in bioinformatics and discusses, with evaluations from real case studies, how they are used in individual bioinformatics projects. Second, it introduces state-of-the-art bioinformatics research methods. The theoretical parts and the practical parts are well integrated for readers to follow the existing procedures in individual research. Unlike most of the bioinformatics books on the market, the content coverage is not limited to just one subject. A broad spectrum of relevant topics in bioinformatics including systematic data mining and computational systems biology researches are brought together in this book, thereby offering an efficient and convenient platform for teaching purposes. An essential reference for both final year undergraduates and graduate students in universities, as well as a comprehensive handbook for new researchers, this book will also serve as a practical guide for software development in relevant bioinformatics projects.
1. Introduction to pattern classification. 1.1. Pattern classification. 1.2. Induction algorithms. 1.3. Rule induction. 1.4. Decision trees. 1.5. Bayesian methods. 1.6. Other induction methods -- 2. Introduction to ensemble learning. 2.1. Back to the roots. 2.2. The wisdom of crowds. 2.3. The bagging algorithm. 2.4. The boosting algorithm. 2.5. The AdaBoost algorithm. 2.6. No free lunch theorem and ensemble learning. 2.7. Bias-variance decomposition and ensemble learning. 2.8. Occam's razor and ensemble learning. 2.9. Classifier dependency. 2.10. Ensemble methods for advanced classification tasks -- 3. Ensemble classification. 3.1. Fusions methods. 3.2. Selecting classification. 3.3. Mixture of experts and meta learning -- 4. Ensemble diversity. 4.1. Overview. 4.2. Manipulating the inducer. 4.3. Manipulating the training samples. 4.4. Manipulating the target attribute representation. 4.5. Partitioning the search space. 4.6. Multi-inducers. 4.7. Measuring the diversity -- 5. Ensemble selection. 5.1. Ensemble selection. 5.2. Pre selection of the ensemble size. 5.3. Selection of the ensemble size while training. 5.4. Pruning - post selection of the ensemble size -- 6. Error correcting output codes. 6.1. Code-matrix decomposition of multiclass problems. 6.2. Type I - training an ensemble given a code-matrix. 6.3. Type II - adapting code-matrices to the multiclass problems -- 7. Evaluating ensembles of classifiers. 7.1. Generalization error. 7.2. Computational complexity. 7.3. Interpretability of the resulting ensemble. 7.4. Scalability to large datasets. 7.5. Robustness. 7.6. Stability. 7.7. Flexibility. 7.8. Usability. 7.9. Software availability. 7.10. Which ensemble method should be used?
This updated compendium provides a methodical introduction with a coherent and unified repository of ensemble methods, theories, trends, challenges, and applications. More than a third of this edition comprised of new materials, highlighting descriptions of the classic methods, and extensions and novel approaches that have recently been introduced.Along with algorithmic descriptions of each method, the settings in which each method is applicable and the consequences and tradeoffs incurred by using the method is succinctly featured. R code for implementation of the algorithm is also emphasized.The unique volume provides researchers, students and practitioners in industry with a comprehensive, concise and convenient resource on ensemble learning methods.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is taking on an increasingly important role in our society today. In the early days, machines fulfilled only manual activities. Nowadays, these machines extend their capabilities to cognitive tasks as well. And now AI is poised to make a huge contribution to medical and biological applications. From medical equipment to diagnosing and predicting disease to image and video processing, among others, AI has proven to be an area with great potential. The ability of AI to make informed decisions, learn and perceive the environment, and predict certain behavior, among its many other skills, makes this application of paramount importance in today's world. This book discusses and examines AI applications in medicine and biology as well as challenges and opportunities in this fascinating area.
The biennial European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML) series is intended to provide an international forum for the discussion of the latest high quality research results in machine learning and is the major European scienti?c event in the ?eld. The eleventh conference (ECML 2000) held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain from May 31 to June 2, 2000, has continued this tradition by attracting high quality papers from around the world. Scientists from 21 countries submitted 100 papers to ECML 2000, from which 20 were selected for long oral presentations and 23 for short oral presentations. This selection was based on the recommendations of at least two reviewers for each submitted paper. It is worth noticing that the number of papers reporting applications of machine learning has increased in comparison to past ECML conferences. We believe this fact shows the growing maturity of the ?eld. This volume contains the 43 accepted papers as well as the invited talks by Katharina Morik from the University of Dortmund and Pedro Domingos from the University of Washington at Seattle. In addition, three workshops were jointly organized by ECML 2000 and the European Network of Excellence - net: “Dealing with Structured Data in Machine Learning and Statistics W- stites”, “Machine Learning in the New Information Age” , and “Meta-Learning: Building Automatic Advice Strategies for Model Selection and Method Com- nation”.
This is the first textbook on pattern recognition to present the Bayesian viewpoint. The book presents approximate inference algorithms that permit fast approximate answers in situations where exact answers are not feasible. It uses graphical models to describe probability distributions when no other books apply graphical models to machine learning. No previous knowledge of pattern recognition or machine learning concepts is assumed. Familiarity with multivariate calculus and basic linear algebra is required, and some experience in the use of probabilities would be helpful though not essential as the book includes a self-contained introduction to basic probability theory.
Mapping the genomic landscapes is one of the most exciting frontiers of science. We have the opportunity to reverse engineer the blueprints and the control systems of living organisms. Computational tools are key enablers in the deciphering process. This book provides an in-depth presentation of some of the important computational biology approaches to genomic sequence analysis. The first section of the book discusses methods for discovering patterns in DNA and RNA. This is followed by the second section that reflects on methods in various ways, including performance, usage and paradigms.
This unique text/reference presents an overview of the computational aspects of protein crystallization, describing how to build robotic high-throughput and crystallization analysis systems. The coverage encompasses the complete data analysis cycle, including the set-up of screens by analyzing prior crystallization trials, the classification of crystallization trial images by effective feature extraction, the analysis of crystal growth in time series images, the segmentation of crystal regions in images, the application of focal stacking methods for crystallization images, and the visualization of trials. Topics and features: describes the fundamentals of protein crystallization, and the scoring and categorization of crystallization image trials; introduces a selection of computational methods for protein crystallization screening, and the hardware and software architecture for a basic high-throughput system; presents an overview of the image features used in protein crystallization classification, and a spatio-temporal analysis of protein crystal growth; examines focal stacking techniques to avoid blurred crystallization images, and different thresholding methods for binarization or segmentation; discusses visualization methods and software for protein crystallization analysis, and reviews alternative methods to X-ray diffraction for obtaining structural information; provides an overview of the current challenges and potential future trends in protein crystallization. This interdisciplinary work serves as an essential reference on the computational and data analytics components of protein crystallization for the structural biology community, in addition to computer scientists wishing to enter the field of protein crystallization.