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In 1982 the National Swedish Environmental Protection Board started a project in order to obtain information to be used in assessing the biological and ecological consequences of waste water effluent discharged by kraft pulp mills. The reasons for this were the large extent of the discharges, the increasing concern with regard to the environmental effects of the chlorinated organic material in the bleached pulp effluent, and the lack of methods whereby the consequences of the discharges could be assessed biologically and ecologically. The total inputs and results of the project were presented internationally in 1987 (IAWPRC, Tampere, Finland, June 9-2). In the present final report from the Environment/Cellulose I project an overall synthesis of the activities is presented and an evaluation is made of the biological and ecological effects observed in the waters receiving bleached pulp effluents.
In recent years, there have been emerging concerns regarding the fate and effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on the environment. Countries throughout the world are focusing attention on the implementation of regulatory and monitoring programs. In response, industry has begun to implement a variety of process and treatment technologies designed to minimize or eliminate the potential impacts. Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents explores the most active and critical current research and experimentation from around the world. This comprehensive overview examines the identity and origin of chemicals in pulp mill effluents, environmental fate of chemicals from pulp and paper mills, bioaccumulation of substances from pulp mills to fish and wildlife, field and laboratory studies of biochemical and whole organism responses associated with pulp and paper effluents, integrated monitoring and future research, and policy directions of this rapidly evolving field. Written by prominent scientists from around the world with contributions from industry, government, and academia, this important new book provides a balanced global perspective of the recent scientific findings and the challenges being faced in the immediate future.
" ... 5th International Conference on Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents which was held in Seattle, Washington, June 1-4, 2003"--Acknowledgements.
This book covers bleach plant effluents, that most polluting effluent from the pulp and paper industry. Disappearance of benthic invertebrates, a high incidence of fish diseases, and mutagenic effects on the aquatic fauna are some of the consequences of the disposal of bleach effluents into surface waters. This book describes environmental impact of bleach plant effluents, environmental regulations, and measures to reduce the pollution load by internal process modification and external treatment of bleach plant effluents.
This is the first book to examine comprehensively the chlorine industry and its effects on the environment. It covers not only the history of chlorine production, but also looks at its products, their effects on the global environment, and the international legislation which controls their use, release, and disposal. Individual chapters are dedicated to subjects such as releases of organochlorines into the environment, and the environmental impact of ozone depletion, providing simple explanations of these complex issues. These are backed up with case studies of landmark events in the history of the chlorine industry - for example the Seveso explosion or the Yusho and Yu-Cheng mass poisonings. With a clear, concise text and numerous compilations of critical data, this book will prove an invaluable source reference for environmental scientists, students, and policy makers with an interest in this subject.
In In the Chamber of Risks William Leiss demonstrates that case studies of risk controversies show that those instincts are unreliable guides to effective risk management and that in all cases the opposite position is a far better guide. As risk management is inherently disputable, public perceptions of risk should be seen as legitimate and treated as such and the public should always be involved in discussions about risk evaluations made by scientists and risk managers. ; Leiss chronicles the erratic course of risk management and communication in environmental management in Canada, discussing the notable controversies that have arisen over pesticides and breast cancer, vinyl toys, genetically engineered food crops, cellular telephones, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, among many others. He focuses on risk management – how we make decisions about and assess hazards in the environment – and on risk communication – social dialogue that deals with both our intuitive feelings of concern about substances or activities that might hurt our health or the environment, and the scientific and probabilistic description of them. ; Leiss shows that both risk management and risk communication, when properly constructed, require an elaborate process because the very things that can cause harm are in most cases the same things that bring us great benefits, such as paper mills, electricity from nuclear power generating stations, or wireless telecommunications. ;
Pulp and paper production has increased globally and will continue to increase in the near future. Approximately 155 million tons of wood pulp is produced worldwide and about 260 million is projected for 2010. To cope with the increasing demand, an increase in production and improved environmental performance is needed as the industry is under constant pressure to reduce environmental emissions to air and water. This book gives updated information on environmentally benign approaches for pulp bleaching, which can help solve the problems associated with conventional bleaching technologies. Main focus is on the environmentally-friendly technologies that can help solve some of the problems associated with conventional bleaching technologies Information given is up-to-date, authoritative, and cites the experiences of many mills and pertinent research, which is of interest to those working in the industry or intending to do so Covers in great depth all the aspects of various bleaching processes including environmental issues