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Mesoscopic physics deals with systems larger than single atoms but small enough to retain their quantum properties. The possibility to create and manipulate conductors of the nanometer scale has given birth to a set of phenomena that have revolutionized physics: quantum Hall effects, persistent currents, weak localization, Coulomb blockade, etc. This Special Issue tackles the latest developments in the field. Contributors discuss time-dependent transport, quantum pumping, nanoscale heat engines and motors, molecular junctions, electron–electron correlations in confined systems, quantum thermo-electrics and current fluctuations. The works included herein represent an up-to-date account of exciting research with a broad impact in both fundamental and applied topics.
The book is devoted to the description of physical effects caused by resonant scattering of quasiparticles by isolated impurity atoms, which can localize electrons and phonons in nanosystems. It takes as its starting point the model of local perturbations by I.M. Lifshits, within which short-range impurity atoms are located at random points of the system. The role of a single impurity center in such systems increases with decreasing size. This book presents the first-ever application of the method of local perturbations to describe the physical properties of a wide range of nanosystems.
Recent studies on two-dimensional systems have led to new insights into the fascinating interplay between physical properties and dimensionality. Many of these ideas have emerged from work on electrons bound to the surface of a weakly polarizable substrate such as liquid helium or solid hydrogen. The research on this subject continues to be at the forefront of modern condensed matter physics because of its fundamental simplicity as well as its connection to technologically useful devices. This book is the first comprehensive overview of experimental and theoretical research in this exciting field. It is intended to provide a coherent introduction for graduate students and non-experts, while at the same time serving as a reference source for active researchers in the field. The chapters are written by individuals who made significant contributions and cover a variety of specialized topics. These include the origin of the surface states, tunneling and magneto-tunneling out of these states, the phase diagram, collective excitations, transport and magneto-transport.
This book addresses the issues of nonlinearity and disorder. It covers mathematical and numerical techniques as well as applications of nonlinearity and disorder. The analysis of continuous and discrete systems is also shown.
The field of nonlinear optics has witnessed a tremendous evolution since its beginnings in the early sixties. Its frontiers have been extended in many direc tions and its techniques have intruded upon many areas of both fundamental and practical interest. The field itself has been enriched with many new phe nomena and concepts that have further extended its scope and strengthened its connection with other areas. As a consequence, it is becoming increasingly unrealistic to expect to cover the different facets and trends of this field in the lectures or proceed ings of a summer school, however advanced these may be. However much of the current progress and interest in this field springs to a large extent from the promise and expectation that highly performing all-optical devices that exploit and operate on the principles of nonlinear optics will constitute an important branch of future technology and will provide new alternatives in information processing and transmission. The conception of new devices, in general, requires an intricate and bold combination of facts and methods from most diverse fields, in order to perform functions and operations that fit into an overall technological ensemble.
A comprehensive, detailed description of the properties and behaviour of mesoscopic devices.