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Bhutan

ʼJigs-med-ge-sar-rnam-rgyal-dbaṅ-phyug (King of Bhutan)

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 0


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His Highness the King of Bhutan transports us to one of the most vibrant, ancient, and peaceful cultures of the world - Bhutan
This volume deals with land degradation, which is occurring in almost all terrestrial biomes and agro-ecologies, in both low and high income countries and is stretching to about 30% of the total global land area. About three billion people reside in these degraded lands. However, the impact of land degradation is especially severe on livelihoods of the poor who heavily depend on natural resources. The annual global cost of land degradation due to land use and cover change (LUCC) and lower cropland and rangeland productivity is estimated to be about 300 billion USD. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounts for the largest share (22%) of the total global cost of land degradation. Only about 38% of the cost of land degradation due to LUCC - which accounts for 78% of the US$300 billion loss – is borne by land users and the remaining share (62%) is borne by consumers of ecosystem services off the farm. The results in this volume indicate that reversing land degradation trends makes both economic sense, and has multiple social and environmental benefits. On average, one US dollar investment into restoration of degraded land returns five US dollars. The findings of the country case studies call for increased investments into the rehabilitation and restoration of degraded lands, including through such institutional and policy measures as strengthening community participation for sustainable land management, enhancing government effectiveness and rule of law, improving access to markets and rural services, and securing land tenure. The assessment in this volume has been conducted at a time when there is an elevated interest in private land investments and when global efforts to achieve sustainable development objectives have intensified. In this regard, the results of this volume can contribute significantly to the ongoing policy debate and efforts to design strategies for achieving sustainable development goals and related efforts to address land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
This case study examines country-level primary health care (PHC) systems in Bhutan in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic between March 2020 and June 2021. The case study is part of a collection of case studies providing critical insights into key PHC strengths, challenges and lessons learned using the Astana PHC framework, which considers integrated health services, multisectoral policy and action, and people and communities. Led by in-country research teams, the case studies update and extend the Primary Health Care Systems (PRIMASYS) case studies commissioned by the Alliance in 2015.
This oral history case study was conducted in the Bhutanese refugee camps in Southeastern Nepal in 2010, 2011, and again in 2016. The camps have been in existence since 1992, when the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees with the assistance of the Government of Nepal gave land in the Jhapa and Morang districts of Nepal to establish seven camps to house the refugees. The refugees were Bhutanese citizens, who were forced to leave Bhutan due to the exclusive nationalism and the ́One Nation, One Peoplé policy of the Bhutan government (Rizal, 2004: 156). After 20℗years in refugee camps in Nepal and failed negotiations by the United Nation High Commissioner of Refugees to repatriate the refugees back to Bhutan, third-country resettlement became the only solution. The study was conducted using the oral method where the refugee population was chosen using purposeful random sampling with convenience and snowball method. The purpose of this study was to collect the stories of the refugee population and document the experiences of the refugees, their journey from Bhutan to the refugee camps and their lives in the camps, waiting for a solution to the problem, eking out a living in the meager camp conditions. The testimonies of the refugees revealed the anguish and sadness of leaving a happy and prosperous life in Bhutan, the uncertainty of the future, and the hope that one day they will be able to regain all what they lost in terms of identity, memory, culture, tradition, language, and also the sense of belonging to a nation.

Bhutan

International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept

Published: 2018-10-30

Total Pages: 63


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This 2018 Article IV Consultation highlights that Bhutan continued to make strides in raising per capita incomes and reducing poverty as it concluded the 11th Five Year Plan in 2018. Notably, poverty declined from 12 percent in 2012 to 8.2 percent, and extreme poverty fell to just 1.5 percent. The country is poised to transition to middle-income status, with per capita incomes at nearly US$3,600 in 2018, up from US$1,100 in 2004. Growth has remained robust, averaging 6 percent over the 11th Plan. In FY2018, growth is expected to slow to 5.8 percent from 7.4 percent in FY2017, reflecting slowing construction activity of hydropower projects set to come on stream in 2018 and beyond.