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“Charles William Eliot, President of Harvard from 1869 until 1909, was unquestionably the most influential leader of American higher education during the last one hundred years. Both born and married into Boston high society, he brought wisdom, administrative skill, tough-minded vision, and, above all, patience to his leadership of the nation’s oldest and most prestigious college. In his 40 years as president Eliot transformed that college into America’s leading university, becoming at the same time a prototype of the modern university executive. Charles Eliot was a man of affairs as well as judgment, a spokesman for American culture as well as higher education, and a consummate blend of conservatism and innovation in an age when each was highly valued. Hugh Hawkins has written a book to match the man. Neither biography nor institutional history, this unconventional account traces the interaction between Eliot and Harvard on the one hand and American society on the other. In the process we encounter virtually every social question impinging upon education with which we are still dealing... Eliot had to resolve issues involving federal aid to higher education, the mixture of required and elective studies in both undergraduate and professional schooling, the relationship between teaching, research, and institutional health and prestige, the political activities of faculty and students, and the proper role of faculty, administration, and laymen in governing universities. Hawkins explores these questions in great depth and with a sure grasp of what their answers mean in the everyday lives of faculty and students. Calling upon a wealth of original research and previous scholarship, he outlines pressures, problems, and temptations which have a very contemporary ring.” — Mark Beach, The Journal of Higher Education “Hugh Hawkins has written a lucid, stimulating account of the most crucial turning-point in the history of American higher education... Hawkins’ scholarship is resourceful and meticulous... He writes with great clarity, attentiveness, and control... His thoroughness and cool intelligence produce solid monographic history at its very best... an important contribution to the social history of the age.” — Laurence Veysey, The Journal of American History “A thorough, well balanced appraisal of Eliot and of his relationship to Harvard and to American society. Mr. Hawkins has admirably combined historical analysis and narrative biography with mutually beneficial consequences.” — John H. Fischer, Teachers College, Columbia University “[A] fascinating and thought-provoking assessment of Eliot and the university milieu in which he operated... the book is a delight to read. The text does have a crisp quality, and it resonates from the author’s obviously diligent researches... Hawkins has pieced together a first-rate portrait of a formidable man bringing great talents to bear on the many-faceted problem of improving education in the United States.” — Daniel Leab, The New England Quarterly “This is a first-rate study... informed, thoughtful, and well written.” — George W. Pierson, The American Historical Review “Hawkins argues that Eliot’s liberalism became a force in Harvard’s transformation, freeing faculty and students for a new kind of university life. Hawkins has formulated a major thesis, important for understanding both Eliot and the transformation of education in the second half of the nineteenth century. He also has written a committed, relevant book... the significance of Harvard in the academic revolution emerges more vividly than ever... In two superb chapters, ‘From College to University,’ and ‘The System of Liberty,’ Hawkins describes a process of historical change far beyond anything Eliot himself might have comprehended fully. Hawkins triumphs over the static, snap-shot effect of a structural analysis. He presents a dynamic story of a growing university, with its leader, its evolving bureaucratic arrangements, its new departments and schools, its changing methods of teaching and research, its committee system and administration, its invention of pensions and sabbaticals.” — David F. Allmendinger, History of Education Quarterly “Eliot brought Harvard and with it the nation’s colleges into the modern world; he infused his college with the spirit of free inquiry and gained for higher education a position where it could maintain its precarious independence from the giant centers of powers in the nation’s economy and politics. Hawkins’ book makes it abundantly clear at what price and with what means Eliot’s and Harvard’s victories were gained. It shows that in the modern world there cannot be even in academia a sanctuary free of managers and administrators; that the function of higher education’s trustees is precisely that rationalizing and merging of interests which will allow the institutions of learning to survive in a world whose clocks do not run on academic time. Hugh Hawkins’s book is one of the finest and most judicious studies of the conditions under which modern academic man established his existence in America.” — Jurgen Herbst, Reviews in American History “[A] most authoritative study of Charles W. Eliot... a remarkable document of social history of the American people at a particularly momentous era of their maturation... quite a compelling book.” — D. J. Johnston, British Journal of Educational Studies “[A] carefully researched, scholarly study... I recommend... this responsible and interesting account of that giant among men, Charles William Eliot, his work at Harvard and his relation to America.” — Earl V. Pullias, The Phi Delta Kappan
Eugene Kühnemann was a German philosopher and literary critic . This essay was originally written for the Deutsche Rundschau of Berlin as a homage of Germany to President Eliot on his retirement from office and at the same time to America in the person of her representative educator. This work should be regarded as a fruit of the intellectual exchange movement between Germany and America.
Excerpt from Charles W. Eliot: President of Harvard University, (May 19, 1869 May 19, 1909) This essay was originally written for the Deutsche Rundschau of Berlin, and will appear in its May and June numbers as an homage of Germany to President Eliot on his retirement from office and at the same time to America in the person of her representative educator. The translation is by my dear friend Dr. A. W. Boesche, Instructor in German at Harvard University, whom I wish to thank for his kind help and cooperation, not only in this translation, but also in my university work at Harvard. Twice during the last three years, in 1906 - 1907 and 1908 - 1909, I have had the honor of holding the post of German interchange professor at Harvard University. Hence this little essay should be regarded as a fruit of the intellectual exchange movement between Germany and America. It claims to be no more than a modest expression of the sincere striving for mutual understanding which we hope will bring good to both nations. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Winner of the Pulitzer Prize. A study of the last 100 years of American history.
This Encyclopedia examines all aspects of the history of science in the United States, with a special emphasis placed on the historiography of science in America. It can be used by students, general readers, scientists, or anyone interested in the facts relating to the development of science in the United States. Special emphasis is placed in the history of medicine and technology and on the relationship between science and technology and science and medicine.
The quarterback sends his wide receiver deep. The crowd gasps as he launches the ball. And when he hits his man, the team's fans roar with approval-especially those with the deep pockets. Make no mistake; college football is big business, played with one eye on the score, the other on the bottom line. But was this always the case? Brian M. Ingrassia here offers the most incisive account to date of the origins of college football, tracing the sport's evolution from a gentlemen's pastime to a multi-million dollar enterprise that made athletics a permanent fixture on our nation's campuses and cemented college football's place in American culture. He takes readers back to the late 1800s to tell how schools embraced the sport as a way to get the public interested in higher learning-and then how football's immediate popularity overwhelmed campuses and helped create the beast we know today. Contrary to conventional wisdom, Ingrassia proves that the academy did not initially resist the inclusion of athletics; rather, progressive reformers and professors embraced football as a way to make the ivory tower less elitist. With its emphasis on disciplined teamwork and spectatorship, football was seen as a "middlebrow" way to make the university more accessible to the general public. What it really did was make athletics a permanent fixture on campus with its own set of professional experts, bureaucracies, and ostentatious cathedrals. Ingrassia examines the early football programs at universities like Michigan, Stanford, Ohio State, and others, then puts those histories in the context of Progressive Era culture, including insights from coaches like Georgia Tech's John Heisman and Notre Dame's Knute Rockne. He describes how reforms emerged out of incidents such as Teddy Roosevelt's son being injured on the field and a section of grandstands collapsing at the University of Chicago. He also touches on some of the problems facing current day college football and shows us that we haven't come far from those initial arguments more than a century ago. The Rise of Gridiron University shows us where and how it all began, highlighting college football's essential role in shaping the modern university-and by extension American intellectual culture. It should have wide appeal among students of American studies and sports history, as well as fans of college football curious to learn how their game became a cultural force in a matter of a few decades.
Originally published: Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979.