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An intimate foray into the invisible work that made it possible for pictures to circulate in print and online from the 1830s to the 2010s. Picture Research focuses on how pictures were saved, stored, and searched for in a time before scanners, servers, and search engines, and describes the dramatic difference it made when images became scannable, searchable, and distributable via the internet. While the camera, the darkroom, and the printed page are well-known sites of photographic production that have been replaced by cell phones, imaging software, and websites, the cultural intermediaries of mass-circulation photography—picture librarians and researchers, editors, and archivists—are less familiar. In this book, Nina Lager Vestberg artfully details the range of research skills, reproduction machinery, and communication infrastructures that was needed to make pictures available to a public before digitization. Drawing on documents and representations across a range of cultural expressions, Picture Research reveals the intermediation that has been performed by skilled workers in a variety of roles, making use of pre-photographic, photographic, and digital machineries of capture, accumulation, extraction, and transmission. Tracing a history of the modern pictorial economy from the pre-photographic 1830s to the post-digitized 2010s, it makes visible and explicit the invisible labor that has built—and still sustains—the visual commodity culture of everyday life.
Born out of a major international dialogue held at the Fondazione Giorgio Cini in Venice, Italy, this collection of essays presents innovative and provocative arguments about the claims of universal knowledge schemes and the different aesthetic and material forms in which such claims have been made and executed. Contributors take a close look at everything from religious pilgrimages, museums, and maps of the world, to search engines and automated GPS. Current obsessions in information technology, communications theory, and digital culture often concern the value and possibility of a grand accumulation of universally accessible forms of knowledge: total libraries, open data bases, ubiquitous computing, and ‘smart’ technologies. These obsessions have important social and philosophical origins, and they raise profound questions about the very nature of knowledge and its organization. This volume’s contributors draw on the histories of maps and of encyclopedias, worldviews and visionary collections, to make sense of the crucial relation between the way the world is known and how it might be displayed and transformed.
The Desktop Designer’s Illustration Handbook Marcelle Lapow Toor If you want to reach—and hold—audiences who’ve seen everything, read this new hands-on guide to locating, selecting, and using illustrations in desktop publications. In no time at all, you’ll be able to select just the right illustration technique to make your publication pop. The Desktop Designer’s Illustration Handbook is written by a graphic designer who really knows how to teach desktop illustration techniques. Marcelle Lapow Toor has taught graphic design and desktop publishing to university students and has conducted workshops at national conferences throughout the country. Her proven building block approach helps you make practical sense of the principles of illustration, design, and composition. She easily guides you through the process—from deciding what kind of illustration to use to manipulating images for maximum visual impact. With the aid of insider tips from participating pros, hundreds of illustrations, helpful hints, and time saving checklists, Ms. Toor clearly explains how to create eye-catching results using: Type - Dress up your design and keep costs low with eye-catching type and typographic devices. Learn simple techniques for using type as an illustration. Drawings - Add variety with clip art and original illustration. Learn how to locate and choose the drawing, illustrator, or clip art that will give your publication the competing edge. Photographs - Grab your reader’s attention with photographs that breathe life into the copy and baby your budget. Learn when it’s best to use a photograph, how to use a scanner to alter a photograph, and where to look for low-cost photos. Information Graphics - Take the snore out of statistics with reader-friendly charts, graphs, tables, and maps. Learn how to select the best format for statistical information so it is easily understood at a glance. Computer graphics - Punch up interest with textured backgrounds that you create with a scanner, an image-editing program, and materials lying around your office. Plus, learn how to achieve the effects you want with a drawing or painting program. You’ll turn again and again to this jam-packed idea book for inspiration as well as information. Here are hundreds of illustration ideas, guaranteed to get your creative juices flowing. And that’s not all. This indispensable desk reference gives you even more hands-on resources that you can put to work right away: A blow-by-blow description of the graphic devices used in each chapter and a clear explanation of how they were created. A sampler of clip art, with addresses of the software manufacturers who supply art on disk or CD-ROM. A sampler of pictorial and decorative typefaces. A list of public and private picture sources. Many illustrations by well-known professional illustrators and directions for contacting them. A glossary of desktop publishing terminology. You won’t find a more complete or easier to use illustration source book. Whether you decide to use illustrations that are ready-made, illustrations created by hired hands, or illustrations that you create yourself, you’ll produce head turning, results every time with The Desktop Designer’s Illustration Handbook.
This second supplement to DALB, the Dictionary of American Library Biography (1978), adds 77 notable, deceased members of the library and archival communities to the 302 entries in the main volume and the 51 entries in the first supplement (1990). The second supplement includes primarily those figures who died between 1987 and the end of the year 2000, though some 13 entries provide sketches for notable persons whose death dates are somewhat earlier and who were not included in earlier works. Among the entries are a number of African Americans, and nearly one-half of the entries are women. Some 80 contributors from the United States and Canada provided sketches, many based on original source material. This supplement follows the practice and format of the earlier volumes, though it allows presidents of the American Library Association to compete for inclusion with other nominations.