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In recent years our understanding of molecular mechanisms of drug action and interindividual variability in drug response has grown enormously. Meanwhile, the practice of anesthesiology has expanded to the preoperative environment and numerous locations outside the OR. Anesthetic Pharmacology: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice, 2nd edition, is an outstanding therapeutic resource in anesthesia and critical care: Section 1 introduces the principles of drug action, Section 2 presents the molecular, cellular and integrated physiology of the target organ/functional system and Section 3 reviews the pharmacology and toxicology of anesthetic drugs. The new Section 4, Therapeutics of Clinical Practice, provides integrated and comparative pharmacology and the practical application of drugs in daily clinical practice. Edited by three highly acclaimed academic anesthetic pharmacologists, with contributions from an international team of experts, and illustrated in full colour, this is a sophisticated, user-friendly resource for all practitioners providing care in the perioperative period.
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
"EACPR, European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation -- European Society of Cardiology."
Up-to-date, authoritative and comprehensive, Heart Failure, 4th Edition, provides the clinically relevant information you need to effectively manage and treat patients with this complex cardiovascular problem. This fully revised companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease helps you make the most of new drug therapies such as angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), recently improved implantable devices, and innovative patient management strategies. Led by internationally recognized heart failure experts Dr. G. Michael Felker and Dr. Douglas Mann, this outstanding reference gives health care providers the knowledge to improve clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. - Focuses on a clinical approach to treating heart failure, resulting from a broad variety of cardiovascular problems. - Covers the most recent guidelines and protocols, including significant new updates to ACC, AHA, and HFSA guidelines. - Covers key topics such as biomarkers and precision medicine in heart failure and new data on angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs). - Contains four new chapters: Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure; Amyloidosis as a Cause of Heart Failure; HIV and Heart Failure; and Neuromodulation in Heart Failure. - Covers the pathophysiological basis for the development and progression of heart failure. - Serves as a definitive resource to prepare for the ABIM's Heart Failure board exam. - 2016 British Medical Association Award: First Prize, Cardiology (3rd Edition).
Written by the foremost authority in the field, this volume is a comprehensive review of the multifaceted phenomenon of hepatotoxicity. Dr. Zimmerman examines the interface between chemicals and the liver; the latest research in experimental hepatotoxicology; the hepatotoxic risks of household, industrial, and environmental chemicals; and the adverse effects of drugs on the liver. This thoroughly revised, updated Second Edition features a greatly expanded section on the wide variety of drugs that can cause liver injury. For quick reference, an appendix lists these medications and their associated hepatic injuries. Also included are in-depth discussions of drug metabolism and factors affecting susceptibility to liver injury.
The fundamental fault in hypertension is unknown. Calling it a fundamental fault, indeed, tacitly begs the question: Is there one fundamental fault, or are there several that are interlinked or interdependent? A simple yes or no answer cannot be offered. This volume is not designed to survey the up-to-date recent advances in research on hypertension, nor intended to provide provisional an swers to the so many unknowns in this topic. It is, in fact, an attempt to articulate questions that are worth asking, given the license of an unhibited, albeit disci plined, inquiry. The range of expression varies from dogmatic opinion to a declared speculation. Is the primary abnormality an excessive sodium and reduced potassium intake over generations? Or is it hormonal excess, deficiency, imbalance or altered synthesis of abnormal forms? Does the nervous system playa role of active initiation or only of passive maintenance in the genesis of hypertension? Is the heart only a pump acting in concert with the happenings to the vasculature trying to provide adequate flow in the face of vasconstriction induced by neural or humoral factors, or does it sometimes become the culprit by pumping blood flow in excess of demand and thus initiating hypertrophic changes in blood vessels, or by assuming the role of an endocrine organ and being the source of a hormone with influence on cellular transport of sodium and on vasomotor tone? Is an elusive and mysterious fault in the kidney, the primary basis of all of the above
reached full definition in the 1940s by Kempner diet. The important role of adrenal aldosterone and associates in demonstrating the beneficial ef secretion in supporting human hypertension is now fects of a low salt rice diet for treating hypertensive well recognized as are the beneficial effects of patients. It became apparent that the value of rice blockade, especially in low-renin patients who ex was wholly related to its sodium content. A rice hibit inappropriate or absolute excesses of aldoste diet, or any other stringent low sodium diet, rone secretion. Further definition of the more sub greatly improves or completely corrects the hyper tle participation of aldosterone and of the factors tension of about ~ or so of all patients with essen that control aldosterone secretion in hypertensive subjects are promising areas for further research. tial hypertension. However, what is often forgotten is that little or no benefit accrues to the remaining THE NERVOUS SYSTEM majority of patients. Parallel studies of animal models has demon Besides the endocrine and excretory functions of strated the amplifying effect of a high sodium diet the kidney and the influence of dietary sodium on blood pressure and vice versa. Strains of rats and of aldosterone secretion, there has been long were developed which are especially sensitive to standing agreement about the important role of the pressor effects of a high sodium diet. In a way, the nervous system in blood pressure control.
Endotoxins are constituents of all gram negative bacteria, as well as many other microorganisms. Since their original discovery and study at the beginning and middle parts of this century, many investigations have been performed concerning their immunochemistry and physicochemistry, as well as their pharmacologic activities and physiologic effects on the host. It became widely recognized during the beginning of this century that the pyrogenicity of many microbial infections may be associated with endotoxins. Furthermore, some 80 years ago, attempts were begun to "treat" a variety of illnesses including neoplasia, with such "pyrogens", Le. , bacterial endo toxins. Inconclusive results were observed including some detrimental ones as well as, in some cases, beneficial ones. It became widely accepted that during infections with many gram negative organisms the fever occurring in patients, as well as many of the untoward pathophysiological effects of the infections, seemed to be due to the endotoxin the bacteria contained or released. In this regard, septic shock has been studied in detail by many clinicians, physiologists and pharmacologists and attempts have been made to relate the devastating effects of infection on metabolic and physiologic alterations caused by endotoxins. Recently, however, many beneficial effects of endotoxin have also been studied.