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This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from toluene. The process examined is a typical selective toluene disproportionation process (STDP). In the STDP, toluene is converted into benzene and xylenes (mainly, p-xylene). Benzene is recovered from the reactor output via distillation and p-Xylene is separated as a by-product using a crystallization unit. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7230152, issued to UOP in 2007 (2) US Patent 4097543, issued to ExxonMobil in 1978 Keywords: Aromatics, BTX, ExxonMobil PxMax, UOP Px Plus, GTC GT-STDP
This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from toluene and C9 aromatics. The process examined is a typical toluene disproportionation and transalkylation process. In this process, mixed xylenes and benzene are produced via disproportionation of toluene and transalkylation of toluene and C9 aromatics. The benzene is separated as by-product. Finally, p-Xylene is recovered from mixed xylenes via adsorption and isomerization steps. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: TDP, UOP, Tatoray, Axens, ExxonMobil, MTDP-3, Transalkylation, Disproportionation
This report presents a cost analysis of Caprolactam production from butadiene, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and ammonia. In the process, the product from the reaction of carbon monoxide with butadiene is first hydrocarbonylated. The following steps are amination and cyclization reactions, producing Caprolactam. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: BD, DuPont, DSM, BASF, Carbonylation, Esterification, Hydroformylation, Reductive Amination, Cyclization
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from toluene. The process examined is similar to CB&I Lummus Detol process for toluene hydrodealkylation. In this process, toluene is converted into benzene and mixed xylenes. A mixed xylenes stream is generated as a by-product of this process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "DETOL®, LITOL®, and PYROTOL® Hydrodealkylation", Tech Sheet, CB&I Lummus Technology (2) "Benzene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: On-Purpose Benzene Production, Houdry, Aromatics, BTX, Catalytic Dealkylation
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from toluene. The process examined is similar to UOP hydrodealkylation (THDA) process. In this process, fuel is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Reissued Patent RE38532, reissued to Chevron Phillips in 2004 (2) US Patent 4058452, issued to UOP in 1977 Keywords: On-Purpose Benzene Production, UOP, Aromatics, BTX, Thermal Dealkylation
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from toluene. The process examined is a typical toluene disproportionation process (TDP). In this process, mixed xylenes are generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Benzene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Aromatics, BTX, ExxonMobil MDTP-3, UOP Tatoray, Toray
This report presents a cost analysis of Phenol production from benzene and hydrogen peroxide. The process examined is similar to the one proposed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Isopropylbenzene, Carbolic Acid, Selective Hydroxylation, Direct Oxidation, Indian Institute of Petroleum, CSIR, IIP
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from reformate. The process examined is a typical sulfolane liquid-liquid extraction process. In this process, sulfolane is the solvent used in the extraction process. Toluene and mixed xylenes are generated as by-products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Benzene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Shell, UOP, Axens, Liquid-Liquid Solvent Extraction, BTX Distillation, Aromatics, Tetramethylene Sulfone, Tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-Dioxide, LLE
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from toluene and heavy aromatics. The process examined is a typical transalkylation process. In this process, mixed xylenes are generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 9006125, issued to Exxonmobil in 2015 (2) US Patent 5942651, issued to Mobil Oil in 1999 Keywords: TA, BTX, Aromatics, UOP Tatoray, Toray, ExxonMobil TransPlus, Chinese Petroleum Corporation, CPC, Axens, KBR ATA, Advanced TransAlkylation, GTC GT-TransAlk