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Numerous research projects have studied the Nubian cultures of Sudan and Egypt over the last thirty years, leading to significant new insights. The contributions to this handbook illuminate our current understanding of the cultural history of this fascinating region, including its interconnections to the natural world.
The cultures of Nubia built the earliest cities, states, and empires of inner Africa, but they remain relatively poorly known outside their modern descendants and the community of archaeologists, historians, and art historians researching them. The earliest archaeological work in Nubia was motivated by the region's role as neighbor, trade partner, and enemy of ancient Egypt. Increasingly, however, ancient Nile-based Nubian cultures are recognized in their own right as the earliest complex societies in inner Africa. As agro-pastoral cultures, Nubian settlement, economy, political organization, and religious ideologies were often organized differently from those of the urban, bureaucratic, and predominantly agricultural states of Egypt and the ancient Near East. Nubian societies are thus of great interest in comparative study, and are also recognized for their broader impact on the histories of the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East. The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia brings together chapters by an international group of scholars on a wide variety of topics that relate to the history and archaeology of the region. After important introductory chapters on the history of research in Nubia and on its climate and physical environment, the largest part of the volume focuses on the sequence of cultures that lead almost to the present day. Several cross-cutting themes are woven through these chapters, including essays on desert cultures and on Nubians in Egypt. Eleven final chapters synthesize subjects across all historical phases, including gender and the body, economy and trade, landscape archaeology, iron working, and stone quarrying.
Christianity and monasticism have flourished along the Nile Valley in the Aswan region of Upper Egypt and in what was once Nubia, from as early as the fourth century until the present day. The contributors to this volume, international specialists in Coptology from around the world, examine various aspects of Coptic civilization in Aswan and Nubia over the past centuries. The complexity of Christian identity in Nubia, as distinct from Egypt, is examined in the context of church ritual and architecture. Many of the studies explore Coptic material culture: inscriptions, art, architecture, and archaeology; and language and literature. The archaeological and artistic heritage of monastic sites in Edfu, Aswan, Makuria, and Kom Ombo are highlighted, attesting to their important legacies in the region.
The individual character of Kingdom of Kush has often been overshadowed by the overwhelming cultural presence of its neighbour Egypt. This handbook in our series "Handbuch der Orientalistik/Handbook of Oriental Studies" for the first time presents a comprehensive survey of the rich textual, archaeological and art historical evidence for this Middle Nile Region Kingdom of Kush. Basing itself both on the evidence and scholarly literature, this work discusses the emergence of the native state of Kush (after the Pharaonic domination in the 11th century B.C.), the rule of the Kings of Kush in Egypt (c. 760-656) and the intellectual foundations and political history of the Kingdom in the Napatan (7th - 3rd centuries) and Meroitic (3rd century B.C. - 4th century A.D.) periods.
Building a temple implies the mastering of different technicalities such as the commissioning and payment of the building process, procuring and transporting building material, the organization of work and the practical execution of building and decoration projects. But building a temple is also translating a religious idea into stone. From the design to the consecration of the temple, every stage in the process answers to a set of rules that enables the building to function as a temple. The aim of the 7th Tempeltagung was to examine the relation between the technical and the theological demands of temple building. How was architecture infl uencing the ritual, how did ritual texts refl ect the act of construction? What was the relation between the mythical temple and the actual temple? Who made the decisions and who executed them? What technical and theological considerations lay at the base of the choice of material and of form? In other words, how did the technical aspects of building influence the theological ideas, how was building a temple "structuring religion"?
Aus Anlass des Ausscheidens von Prof. Dr. Steffen Wenig aus dem Universitatsdienst fand an der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin im Oktober 1999 ein zweitagiges, international besetztes Symposium zum Thema Neue Feldforschungen im Sudan und in Eritrea statt. Die Publikation enthalt zehn Beitrage von Gelehrten aus sechs Landern.Es wird uber die monumentale Inschrift des Konigs Taharqa am Gebel Barkal berichtet (T. Kendall), C. Naser legt den letzten Teil der Berichte uber die Feldarbeiten der Meroe Joint Excavations in Meroe-Stadt vor (1992), und H.-U. Onasch beschreibt die Arbeiten in einer Keramikwerkstatt in der Grossen Anlage von Musawwarat es Sufra, deren Auffindung 1997 uberraschend war. Funf Ausgrabungsberichte, die vom Gebiet der Southern Red Hills, die Nubian Desert uber die Region Dinder bis nach Kerma reichen, stammen von sudanesischen Kollegen und einem italienischen Team.Ein Beitrag schildert die Arbeit der German Archaeological Mission to Eritrea (G.A.M.E.), die erste archaologische Unternehmung im Horn von Afrika durch deutsche Archaologen seit Enno Littmanns Deutscher Aksum-Expedition, die in den Jahren 1996-1997 stattfand und uberraschende Ergebnisse lieferte. Der Beitrag Symbiosis Man-Archaeology bietet einen konzeptionellen und methodischen Ansatz einer Archaologischen Entwicklungshilfe, der am Beispiel Qohaito/Eritrea exemplifiziert wird, aber mit Modifikationen auch anderswo anwendbar ist.
This volume presents the first comprehensive study of the Kushite concepts of order in the state and in the cosmos as they were conceptualized in royal and temple texts, in urban architecture, in the structure of temple iconography, and in the relationship between the society and the temples as places of popular worship, archives of historical memory, and centres of cultural identity.