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Growth chamber bioassay experiments using oats (Avena sativa L. var. Russell) were conducted over a 2 year period using soil from 4 locations. The degree of herbicide movement in the soil profile, the influence of cropping systems on dissipation and the degradation rate of atrazine, SD15418 and S6115 were investigated. In all cases, the greatest amount of herbicide was retained in the upper 5 cm of soil. As the rate of herbicide application was increased, more herbicide was detected in the lower soil horizons. There appeared to be a greater downward movement of herbicide in the plots containing corn than in fallowed plots. More herbicide residue was detected at the Winnipeg and Portage la Prairie (Portage) sites (heavy clay soils) than at the Graysville and Carman sites (very fine sandy loam soils). At the Graysville and Carman sites, triazine herbicides appeared to breakdown more rapidly in fallow than in the corn plots. No difference was detected at Winnipeg or Portage between corn and fallow plots. It appeared that there was a greater percent breakdown of triazine herbicides at high rates than at low rates. Field bioassay experiments showed that there was more severe injury to oats due to triazine residue at the Winnipeg and Portage sites than at the Graysville site. At all sites atrazine and S6115 caused a greater degree of oat injury than SD15418. At the Winnipeg and Portage sites there appeared to be similar triazine injury to oats grown on either corn or fallow plots. At the Graysville site there was less injury to oats grown on the fallow plots than on the corn plots.
Over the past 50 years, triazines have made a great impact on agriculture and world hunger by assisting in the development of new farming methods, providing greater farming and land use capabilities, and increasing crop yields. Triazines are registered in over 80 countries and save billions of dollars a year. The Triazine Herbicides is the one book that presents a comprehensive view of the total science and agriculture of these chemicals. With emphasis on how the chemicals are studied and developed, reviewed, and used at the agricultural level this book provides valuable insight into the benefits of triazine herbicides for sustainable agriculture. Presents previously unpublished information on the discovery, development and marketing of herbicides Includes a vital section on the origin, use, economics and fate of triazine herbicides Covers benefits of triazines in corn and sorghum, sugarcane, citrus, fruit and nut crops Establishes best management practice and environmental benefits of use in conservation tillage
This reference book deals with the physico-chemical principles and processes controlling the behavior of herbicides in the soil environ-ment and gives a concise, critical account of techniques associ-ated with each subject matter. It summarizes and tabulates data on herbicides by class or group and provides predictive modeling of their behavior with validation of the models from field data. The in-formation makes the reader fully aware of environmental issues rel-evant to herbicide use in agriculture, and allows more reliable and efficient recommendation of herbicide uses. Summaries and con-clusions suggesting gaps in information and potential areas of fu-ture research are also featured. The text is designed for weed sci-entists, environmental chemists and engineers, soil scientists, and those who are responsible for recommending as well as regulating the use of herbicides in agriculture. Soil Aspects Covered Include: ? Adsorption and bioavailability ? Diffusion and mass flow ? Transport in surface run-off ? Evaporation ? Dissipation ? Transformations
More and more biologists, chemists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, governmental agencies, and "food control" (regulatory) officials around the world are finding it increasingly difficult to keep abreast of the technical literature in the pesticide field; indeed, many libraries do not have even a small proportion of the journals and other sources that now regularly contain research, development, and application information about all aspects of modern chemical pest control. As a result, a very large number of requests has come to RESIDUE RE VIEWS to publish detailed digests of information on single pesticide chemicals so that the interested person in any part of the world could easily be brought up to date with all available important information without having to search probably several hundred literature sources, many of them obscure or simply not available except in very large libraries. The service and convenience rendered the readership by such a series of volumes on major individual pesticide chemicals would therefore be considerable. Type and scope of coverage in this series of single-pesticide vol umes will of course vary with available information. The coverage 'lhould be as complete as possible, however, to be of maximum value to all interested individuals, industries, research institutions, and governmental agencies concerned with the continuing production of an adequately large yet safe food supply for the world. Among the topics bracketed for a single pesticide should ideally be: I. Introduction II. History of development and use, including alternate names around the world, patent information III.