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The latest research and developments in robust adaptive beamforming Recent work has made great strides toward devising robust adaptive beamformers that vastly improve signal strength against background noise and directional interference. This dynamic technology has diverse applications, including radar, sonar, acoustics, astronomy, seismology, communications, and medical imaging. There are also exciting emerging applications such as smart antennas for wireless communications, handheld ultrasound imaging systems, and directional hearing aids. Robust Adaptive Beamforming compiles the theories and work of leading researchers investigating various approaches in one comprehensive volume. Unlike previous efforts, these pioneering studies are based on theories that use an uncertainty set of the array steering vector. The researchers define their theories, explain their methodologies, and present their conclusions. Methods presented include: Coupling the standard Capon beamformers with a spherical or ellipsoidal uncertainty set of the array steering vector Diagonal loading for finite sample size beamforming Mean-squared error beamforming for signal estimation Constant modulus beamforming Robust wideband beamforming using a steered adaptive beamformer to adapt the weight vector within a generalized sidelobe canceller formulation Robust Adaptive Beamforming provides a truly up-to-date resource and reference for engineers, researchers, and graduate students in this promising, rapidly expanding field.
Beamforming: Sensor Signal Processing for Defence Applications presents a range of important research contributions concerned with sensor array signal processing and, in particular, with the superresolution beamformers fundamental to many civilian and defence applications. Both space and space-time (STAP) beamforming algorithms and their application to radar systems are considered with emphasis given to 'look-down' airborne radars, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), arrayed MIMO radar and a number of common wake-wave detection algorithms for two-dimensional SAR imagery. Furthermore, ocean towed arrays, which find applications in a variety of areas such as defence, oil and gas exploration, and geological and marine life studies, are also considered paying particular attention to receiver positional uncertainties resulting from the array's flexible structure. Array geometrical and electrical uncertainties, design of auto-calibration algorithms, beamforming 'pointing' error uncertainties and robustification issues are also presented.This book is self-contained and unified in its presentation, and comprehensively covers some of the classic and fundamental models of beamforming for sensor signal processing. It is suitable as an advanced textbook for graduate students and researchers in the area of signal processing, as well as a reference book for engineers in the defence industry.
This book provides an excellent reference for all professionals working in the area of array signal processing and its applications in wireless communications. Wideband beamforming has advanced with the increasing bandwidth in wireless communications and the development of ultra wideband (UWB) technology. In this book, the authors address the fundamentals and most recent developments in the field of wideband beamforming. The book provides a thorough coverage of the subject including major sub-areas such as sub-band adaptive beamforming, frequency invariant beamforming, blind wideband beamforming, beamforming without temporal processing, and beamforming for multi-path signals. Key Features: Unique book focusing on wideband beamforming Discusses a hot topic coinciding with the increasing bandwidth in wireless communications and the development of UWB technology Addresses the general concept of beamforming including fixed beamformers and adaptive beamformers Covers advanced topics including sub-band adaptive beamforming, frequency invariant beamforming, blind wideband beamforming, beamforming without temporal processing, and beamforming for multi-path signals Includes various design examples and corresponding complexity analyses This book provides a reference for engineers and researchers in wireless communications and signal processing fields. Postgraduate students studying signal processing will also find this book of interest.
The next frontier for wireless LANs is 802.11ac, a standard that increases throughput beyond one gigabit per second. This concise guide provides in-depth information to help you plan for 802.11ac, with technical details on design, network operations, deployment, and monitoring. Author Matthew Gast—an industry expert who led the development of 802.11-2012 and security task groups at the Wi-Fi Alliance—explains how 802.11ac will not only increase the speed of your network, but its capacity as well. Whether you need to serve more clients with your current level of throughput, or serve your existing client load with higher throughput, 802.11ac is the solution. This book gets you started. Understand how the 802.11ac protocol works to improve the speed and capacity of a wireless LAN Explore how beamforming increases speed capacity by improving link margin, and lays the foundation for multi-user MIMO Learn how multi-user MIMO increases capacity by enabling an AP to send data to multiple clients simultaneously Plan when and how to upgrade your network to 802.11ac by evaluating client devices, applications, and network connections
This book studies the link between differential beamforming and differential equations which in turn enables the study of fundamental theory and methods of beamforming from a different perspective, leading to new insights into the problem and new methods to solve the problem. The book first presents a brief overview of the problems and methods for beamforming and some performance measures popularly used either to evaluate beamformers or to derive optimal beamformers. Then, first-order, second-order, and general high-order linear difference equations are discussed, based on which the authors show how to formulate the beamforming problem and derive different beamforming methods, including fixed and adaptive ones. Furthermore, the authors show how to apply the theory of difference equations to the general problem of speech enhancement, and deduce a number of noise reduction filters, including the maximum SNR filter, the Wiener filter, the MVDR filter, etc. Also covered in the book are the difference equations and differential beamforming from the spectral graph perspective. Presents basic concepts, fundamental principles, and methods for beamforming from the perspective of linear difference equations; Provides formulation and methods of conventional beamforming, and first-order, second-order, and general high-order linear difference equations for beamforming; Includes the applications of linear difference equations to the problem of noise reduction; Explains beamforming based on difference equations with graphs.
Integrated 60GHz RF Beamforming in CMOS describes new concepts and design techniques that can be used for 60GHz phased array systems. First, general trends and challenges in low-cost high data-rate 60GHz wireless system are studied, and the phased array technique is introduced to improve the system performance. Second, the system requirements of phase shifters are analyzed, and different phased array architectures are compared. Third, the design and implementation of 60GHz passive and active phase shifters in a CMOS technology are presented. Fourth, the integration of 60GHz phase shifters with other key building blocks such as low noise amplifiers and power amplifiers are described in detail. Finally, this book describes the integration of a 60GHz CMOS amplifier and an antenna in a printed circuit-board (PCB) package.
The book addresses the current demand for a scientific approach to advanced wireless technology and its future developments. It gives a clear presentation of both antennas and adaptive signal processing which is what makes antennas powerful, maneuverable and necessary for advanced wireless technology. The book presents electromagnetic signal processing techniques that both control the antenna beam and track the moving station, which is required for effective, fast, dynamic beamforming. The first part of the book presents a comprehensive description and analysis of basic antenna theory, starting from short dipole antennas to array antennas. This section also includes important concepts related to antenna parameters, electromagnetic wave propagation, the Friis equation, the radar equation and wave reflection and transmission through media. The second part of the book focuses on smart antennas, commencing from a look at the traditional approach to beamforming before getting into the details of smart antennas. Complete derivation and description of the techniques for electromagnetic field signal processing techniques for adaptive beamforming are also presented. Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven beamforming is presented using computationally fast and low-memory demanding technique for AI beamforming is presented with the different excitation functions available. A novel method for fast, low memory and accurate, maneuverable single beam generation is presented, as well as other methods for beamforming with fewer elements along with a simple method for tracking the mobile antenna and station. In this section, for completeness, the use of antenna signal processing for synthetic aperture techniques for imaging is also presented, specifically the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Imaging technique. The third part of the book presents technological aspects of advanced wireless technology, including the 5G wireless system and the various devices needed to construct it. While the books’ main emphasis is theoretical understanding and design, it includes applications, and legal matters are also presented.
This book investigates the most advanced theories and methodologies of array beamforming, with a focus on antenna array enabled wireless communication technology. Combining with the current development needs and trends of wireless communication technology around the world, the authors explore the potentials and challenges of large-scale antenna array beamforming technology in next-generation mobile communication and some important emerging application scenarios. The book first introduces the basic structure of antenna array hierarchical codebook and channel estimation with high dimensionality, with which the time cost of searching the channel information can be effectively reduced. It then explicates high-efficiency beamforming transmission methods for point-to-point transmission, full-duplex point-to-point transmission, and point-to-multipoint transmission where array beamforming enabled non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technologies for typical two-user systems and general multi-user systems are emphasized. The book also discusses array beamforming enabled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications and array beamforming enabled space/air/ground communications, with the uniqueness and relative solutions for single UAV systems and multi-UAV networks being analyzed. This will be a vital reference for researchers, students, and professionals interested in wireless communications, array beamforming, and millimeter-wave communications.
This book deals with the concept of medical ultrasound imaging and discusses array signal processing in ultrasound. Signal processing using different beamforming techniques in order to achieve a desirable reconstructed image and, consequently, obtain useful information about the imaging medium is the main focus of this book. In this regard, the principles of image reconstruction techniques in ultrasound imaging are fully described, and the required processing steps are completely expanded and analyzed in detail. Simulation results to compare the performance of different beamformers are also included in this book to visualize their differences to the reader. Other advanced techniques in the field of medical ultrasound data processing, as well as their corresponding recent achievements, are also presented in this book. Simply put, in this book, processing of medical ultrasound data from different aspects and acquiring information from them in different manners are covered and organized in different chapters. Before going through the detailed explanation in each chapter, it gives the reader an overview of the considered issue and focuses his\her mind on the challenge ahead. The contents of the book are also presented in such a way that they are easy for the reader to understand. This book is recommended for researchers who study medical ultrasound data processing.
This book addresses the problem of separating spontaneous multi-party speech by way of microphone arrays (beamformers) and adaptive signal processing techniques. It is written is a concise manner and an effort has been made such that all presented algorithms can be straightforwardly implemented by the reader. All experimental results have been obtained with real in-car microphone recordings involving simultaneous speech of the driver and the co-driver.