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Repetitive surveys of the above MSL beach were made along 20 profile locations of Ludlam Beach, New Jersey, from 1962 to 1972. The surveys provided data on temporal and spatial beach volume change and shoreline position. Storm changes were highly variable, with adjacent profiles often showing opposite trends. Sand volume losses from above MSL, resulting from seven storms, averaged 2.3 cubic yards per foot or 80,000 cubic yards per storm. For three of the seven storms the average change in MSL shoreline position suggested accretion while the beaches actually suffered a volumetric loss. Clear seasonal trends in the volume of sand above MSL were evident. A net accretion occurred from June through October, while November through May was a period of sand loss. The average seasonal range in sand volume above MSL was 18 cubic yards per foot. The seasonal range of sand volume change within the Sea Isle City groin system, located in the middle of the study area, averaged less than 10 cubic yards per foot. Yearly changes in sand volume varied from a gain of 2.9 cubic yards per foot to a loss of 4.6 cubic yards per foot. Net yearly sand volume changes over the 10-year survey interval averaged -1.12 cubic yards per foot per year (a loss of 40,000 cubic yards per year from the entire island above MSL). The average MSL shoreline retreat rate for the same interval was 8.2 feet per year.
Sand volume changes above mean sea level (MSL) and shoreline position changes at MSL were obtained from 4400 beach profiles acquired over a 10-year period along three New Jersey barrier islands. The results provide insight into the behavioral characteristics of sandy ocean beaches. Storm changes were highly variable between islands, and between profile lines on the same island. Often changes on profile lines less than 0.8 km apart were opposite in sign, suggesting a closer profile line spacing is required to obtain an accurate picture of storm changes. On two islands a definite seasonal change was found when 10-year data were averaged. The maximum sand volume and most seaward shoreline position occurred in August and the least in the January-April period. A year-to-year comparison of surveys would be best using data collected from January through April because changes from month to month were least then. Large variations in beach changes were measured from one year to the next, and on one of the three islands 10-year data did not appear sufficient to establish a long term trend in beach behavior. (Author).