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D. Hilbert, in his famous program, formulated many open mathematical problems which were stimulating for the development of mathematics and a fruitful source of very deep and fundamental ideas. During the whole 20th century, mathematicians and specialists in other fields have been solving problems which can be traced back to Hilbert's program, and today there are many basic results stimulated by this program. It is sure that even at the beginning of the third millennium, mathematicians will still have much to do. One of his most interesting ideas, lying between mathematics and physics, is his sixth problem: To find a few physical axioms which, similar to the axioms of geometry, can describe a theory for a class of physical events that is as large as possible. We try to present some ideas inspired by Hilbert's sixth problem and give some partial results which may contribute to its solution. In the Thirties the situation in both physics and mathematics was very interesting. A.N. Kolmogorov published his fundamental work Grundbegriffe der Wahrschein lichkeitsrechnung in which he, for the first time, axiomatized modern probability theory. From the mathematical point of view, in Kolmogorov's model, the set L of ex perimentally verifiable events forms a Boolean a-algebra and, by the Loomis-Sikorski theorem, roughly speaking can be represented by a a-algebra S of subsets of some non-void set n.
The notions of a commutative (Ɛ, Ɛ)-neutrosophic ideal and a commutative falling neutrosophic ideal are introduced, and several properties are investigated. Characterizations of a commutative (Ɛ, Ɛ)-neutrosophic ideal are obtained. Relations between commutative (Ɛ, Ɛ)-neutrosophic ideal and (Ɛ, Ɛ)-neutrosophic ideal are discussed.
In 2018, Takallo et al. introduced the concept of an MBJ-neutrosophic structure, which is a generalization of a neutrosophic structure, and applied it to a BCK/BCI-algebra. The aim of this study is to apply the notion of an MBJ-neutrosophic structure to a hyper BCK-algebra. The notions of the MBJ-neutrosophic hyper BCK-ideal, the MBJ-neutrosophic weak hyper BCK-ideal, the MBJ-neutrosophic s-weak hyper BCK-ideal and the MBJ-neutrosophic strong hyper BCK-ideal are introduced herein, and their relations and properties are investigated. These notions are discussed in connection with the MBJ-neutrosophic level cut sets.
Commutative neutrosophic quadruple ideals and BCK-algebras are discussed, and related properties are investigated. Conditions for the neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra to be commutative are considered. Given subsets A and B of a neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra, conditions for the set NQ(A;B) to be a commutative ideal of a neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra are provided.
Distributed by Elsevier Science on behalf of Science Press. This book is mainly designed for graduate students who are interested in the theory of BCK and BCI-algebras. It introduces the general theoretical basis of BCI-algebras, omitting difficult proofs and abstract topics which are less necessary for beginners to learn. With abundant examples and exercises arranged after each section, it provides readers with easy-to-follow steps into this field. Specially designed for graduate students with emphasis on elementary knowledge in this field Organizes knowledge points systematically and highlights various arguments on vital topics to make them easy to be understand Gives many examples to clarify important notations and terminologies and abundant of classified exercises after each chapter for revision purposes
A neutrosophic set is initiated by Smarandache, and it is a novel tool to deal with vagueness considering the truth, indeterminacy and falsity memberships satisfying the condition that their sum is less than 3. The concept of neutrosophic quadruple numbers was introduced by Florentin Smarandache.
In this paper we introduce the very true operators on pseudo-BCK algebras and we study their properties. We prove that the composition of two very true operators is a very true operator if and only if they commute.
We introduce the concept of neutrosophic BCI/BCK-algebras. Elementary properties of neutrosophic BCI/BCK algebras are presented.
The notion of a neutrosophic commutative N-ideal in BCK-algebras is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Relations between a neutrosophicN-idealandaneutrosophic commutative N-ideal are discussed. Characterizations of a neutrosophic commutative N-ideal are considered.