Download Free Barriers And Facilitators To Fruit And Vegetable Consumption In Preschool Aged Children Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Barriers And Facilitators To Fruit And Vegetable Consumption In Preschool Aged Children and write the review.

Problem: Obesity among preschool-aged children is a major public health concern as obese children are more likely to be obese as adults, and obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. Diets high in fruits and vegetables (FV) may decrease the risk of many chronic diseases as well as contribute to obesity prevention. However, many preschool-aged children in the US are not meeting recommended intakes of FV. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine previous interventions conducted to increase FV consumption among preschool-aged children. Methods: The search for published articles was conducted using PubMed through the Weill Cornell Medical College library. The search terms "fruit AND vegetable AND consumption AND intervention" with specific filters were used to find studies that had been conducted on preschool-aged children, had full-text versions available online, were published in English, and were of rigorous design. Results: Thirty-four articles resulted, but only 12 were eligible to be included and further examined in this paper. Conclusions: The studies showed promising results for interventions conducted among preschool-aged children to increase the consumption of FV at least in the short-term. One common theme of many of the interventions was repeated exposure to and tastes of FV. Increased fruit consumption was typically achieved through less rigorous strategies, which may be due to children's natural taste preference for sweet food items. Further, many of the interventions involved multiple components.
For over 15 years, the OECD has been conducting policy analysis and gathering new data on ECEC. For the first time, this report brings together all the key ECEC indicators in one volume.
Childhood is a crucial period for establishing lifelong healthy nutritional habits. The environment has an important influence on children’s dietary intake. This book focuses on the influence of environmental factors on the dietary intake of children and adolescents (0–18 years of age) within various settings including home, early care and education, school, college, holiday clubs, neighborhoods, and supermarkets. The reported studies examine a variety of factors within these settings, including the influence of cooking and parenting, teacher style, resources and barriers within various settings, marketing, and many other factors. The dietary intake behaviors examined include snacking, fruit and vegetable intake, beverage intake, and also nutrition in general. In addition, several papers focus on problems caused by inadequate nutrition, such as hunger and obesity. This work underlines the importance of the environment in influencing children’s and adolescents’ dietary intake. In addition, the papers identified some crucial barriers and facilitators for the implementation of environmental changes to enable a healthy diet for young children. Therefore, it provides some important directions for both future research and practice.
Background: The intersection of health care, food insecurity and diet is increasingly a focus of policies and programs targeting the related crises of high rates of obesity and other forms of malnutrition, associated chronic disease risks, impaired performance at work and school, and soaring health care and other economic costs, specifically in low-income families. Nutrition incentive programs may mitigate the severity of food insecurity and low fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption by augmenting federal nutrition benefits and improving access to and affordability of FV with financial incentives at their point of purchase. Fruit and vegetable prescription programs, an innovative nutrition incentive model, aim to increase access to health-supporting foods for patients at risk of chronic disease. Only a few prescription program studies have been published in the peer-reviewed literature, demonstrating decreased hemoglobin A1c levels and BMI, and increased FV consumption, and important gaps remain. No prescription study analyzes pediatric prescription programs; most incentive studies focus on changes in FV purchasing or sales rather than consumption or food security; and incentive studies rarely account for measured and unmeasured confounders in the largely self-selected, convenience samples of participants. The two papers that comprise this dissertation assess changes in household food security and children’s fruit and vegetable consumption for low-income families participating in a pediatric fruit and vegetable prescription program. Methods: The Wholesome Wave FVRx program is a 4-6 month intervention offered since 2011 in select cities and states across the country. In pediatric programs during 2012-15, health care providers enrolled children and youth aged 2-18 years (one per household) who were clinically obese or overweight. Participants received nutrition education by a clinician, nutritionist, or trained health educator at each clinical visit or in a class setting (approximately monthly), including guidance on FV consumption and replacement of unhealthy foods with fresh FV. Providers distributed prescriptions allocated by household size ($0.50-$1.00/per person per day) and shared details of partnering farmers markets, where prescriptions were redeemed for produce. Change in food security was assessed among 578 households from 2013-15, using five measures from the USDA Household Food Security Supplement. Change in fruit and vegetable consumption was calculated for 1024 children between their first and last visits in the years 2012-2015 using an adapted National Cancer Institute screener. Paired t-tests and McNemars paired tests were used to compare study variables between first and last visits, and multiple linear regression analyses, including propensity dose-adjusted models, were used to model the change scores of each as a function of important socio-demographic and program-specific covariates. Results: The percentage of households experiencing very low FS was greatly reduced and those with high/marginal FS increased more than 30%, demonstrating the desired program impact, consistent with SNAP-based incentive programs. Moreover, highest program exposure (specifically, 5 or 6 clinical visits) was associated with a higher food security change score, suggesting that increased levels of participation could indicate a larger degree of change in household food security from the beginning to end of program participation. Households whose primary caretaker had attained higher than high school education also had a greater mean change score. We found both an unadjusted mean increase in children’s FV consumption of 0.33 cups between first and last visit, as well as a dose propensity-adjusted increase in the mean change score of more than a quarter-cup for each 1-unit change in total visits while holding predicted number of visits and site constant. Contrary to common findings in children’s nutrition interventions, a greater portion of the change score increase was attributed to vegetable consumption as compared to fruit consumption. In all outcomes, select clinical sites had higher change scores than those in the reference site, suggesting implications for program design and implementation. Conclusion: Fruit and vegetable prescription programs in clinical settings have the potential to increase food security and children’s fruit and vegetable consumption in low-income households. Future research should utilize a comparison group, complete validated measures, and include qualitative analysis of site-specific barriers and facilitators to success. Comparative effectiveness research could help build the business case for weaving food-based programming into usual care. Integrating food security screenings and referral to local food resources are important steps in improving food access for all and should be adopted by health care providers regardless of an accompanying fruit and vegetable prescription program.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of parent education on increasing parental awareness of vegetable servings needed by preschool children, lowering barriers to increase vegetable consumption in their children's diets, increasing confidence in their ability to increase vegetables in their children's meals, and promoting parent-child interaction to increase vegetable consumption by preschool children. The study was conducted with parents enrolled in the Kid-co Head Start program in Albany and Corvallis. The study protocol consisted of an experimental (n=10 parents) and control (n=4 parents) group. Parents in the experimental group attended a family night event about vegetables on February 13th of 2003. This event was followed by an in-school activity and a delivery of reinforcement material about vegetables, one week after family night event took place. Parents in the control group attended a family night event about healthy snacking on February 13th of 2003. Parents from both groups participated in a follow-up phone interview. A high proportion of participants (75%) of the control group were Hispanics. In the experimental group, 70% were whites and 30% were Hispanics. Levels of education of participants of both groups ranged from 6 years of school up to college degrees. Findings revealed vegetable availability in participants' homes. Fresh vegetable availability in control and experimental group combined ranged from 2 to 7 types of vegetables, before the intervention, and 2 to 5 types after the intervention. Seventy one percent of participants of combined experimental and control groups had frozen vegetables and 85.7% had canned vegetables (before and after the intervention). Daily vegetable consumption was reported by 64.3% of the parents from both experimental and control groups combined. A high proportion of parents (71.4%) from combined experimental and control groups reported that their children eat vegetables every day. Dinner, lunch and snacks are meals in which children eat most vegetables. No significant difference was found about parents' awareness of the daily recommended number of vegetable servings needed by young children between experimental and control group. Similarly, no significant difference was found in experimental group responses before and after the intervention. Findings before the intervention indicate that 50% of participants in the experimental group didn't know the recommendation needed by young children. After the intervention 10% of participants responded that they didn't know the recommendation. No significant difference was found about parents' confidence in their ability to increase vegetables in their children's diets between control and experimental groups responses (before and after the intervention). Similarly, no significant difference was found in experimental group responses before and after the intervention. However, high levels of confidence were reported in both groups. Before the intervention, 75% and 50% of parents in the control and experimental group respectively, reported they felt "very confident." After the intervention, 75% and 40% of parents in the control and experimental group respectively, reported they still felt "very confident." Before the intervention most participants in both groups reported they have barriers to increase the amount of vegetables in their children's diets at least sometimes. The barrier "My child doesn't like vegetables" was reported by 60% of parents in the experimental group and by 100% in the control group, at least sometimes. "Too much time to prepare vegetables" was reported by 25% and 10% of participants in the control and experimental group, respectively. Fifty percent of parents in the control group indicated they have lack of preparation skills, while only 10% of parents in the experimental group reported the same barrier. None of participants in the control group considered "cost of vegetables" a barrier. However, 50% in the experimental group reported the barrier "cost of vegetables." I can't get satisfactory vegetables" was reported by 25% and by 40% of participants in the control and experimental group, respectively. After the intervention, 25% and 30% of parents in the control and experimental group reported that "Nothing" is consider a barrier. However, "My child doesn't like vegetables" was a barrier for 50% of parents in the control group and 10% in the experimental group. Not enough time and energy to cook were barriers reported by 30% and 20% of participants in the experimental group only. Lack of preparation skills was reported by 25% of participants in the control group and by 10% in the experimental group. Only 20% of parents in the experimental group tried the vegetable recipes provided in the handouts. However, 90% of parents in the experimental group reported they tried to give more vegetables to their child since the family event. Ninety percent of parents reported preparing vegetables with their children. Letting their children choose a vegetable in the store was another parent-child interaction activity practiced by 60% of parents from the experimental group. All parents from the experimental group agreed that our educational material helped them to interact with their children. Ninety percent of parents agreed it helped to save money and 70% agreed it helped to prepare more vegetables for their child. Forty percent of parents reported that their child ate more vegetables after the family event.
Using novel intervention and assessment techniques, fruit and vegetable access plus nutrition education significantly improved carotenoid levels among children compared to those who received access only or neither access or education. This study demonstrated a relationship between self-reported fruit and vegetable intake and quantitative BioPhotonicTM Scanner scores. Scanner scores were increased in both the access and the access with education clusters. Additionally, the self-reported intakes of fruits and vegetables were reported to have increased in both the children as well as their parents. This intake increase was most notable between the access with education cluster versus the control cluster, although significance was also noted between the access cluster and the control cluster as shown in ANOVA testing. This approach of providing fruits and vegetables to low resourced families helps to demonstrate the importance of education supplementing the provisions of fruits and vegetables. Subjects who were provided with information on how to prepare and use such provisions appeared more inclined to utilize the items, resulting in an increased carotenoid level as evidenced by said scan score results. Results of this study will be useful to demonstrate the importance of education along with produce provisions for those in need. Taste testing, hands-on experiential learning, recipe and newsletter type educational information was shown to change the behavior and consumption in this group of Head Start families receiving such interventions.
Background: Previous research has shown the potential of increasing vegetable intake by incorporating the senses into interventions. However, little to no research has specifically looked at the impact that the use of the senses can have on intake of vegetables among preschool-aged children. Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine if mean intake of vegetable snacks and/or willingness to try the vegetable snacks would be significantly higher among preschool-age children who participated in a visually appealing and interactive snack activity compared to children who received control vegetable snacks. Methods: Two preschools were selected to participate in the study. Prior to the start of the study, participants colored placemats that contained heart-, star-, and flower-shapes. Parents were surveyed to establish the target vegetable, which was determined to be green pepper. The vegetable was served three times. The control group received the vegetable cut into strips served on white paper plates. The experimental group received the vegetable cut into hearts, stars, and flowers and served on the placemats that children colored at the beginning of the study. The vegetable was weighed before and after each snack time. Results: There were no significant differences found in intake of the vegetable snack between the control and the intervention group. However there were significant differences in willingness to try and between the genders. Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences in consumption between the groups, the significant findings between the boys and girls highlights a potential area that needs further investigating.
Obesity rates among Native American individuals are greater than any other ethnic group living in the United States. This disparity begins to develop in early childhood, and the excess weight carried by Native American children contributes to health conditions that can affect their quality of life by the time they enter preschool. These children consume less than recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables, a dietary pattern that is related to the development of obesity and other health conditions. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore the fruit and vegetable consumption of Native American toddlers between the ages of two and five years old through use of the Information Motivation Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model. Qualitative research with parents of Native American children and key stakeholders in Native American communities first investigated perceptions of knowledge, motivational and behavioral skills related to the fruit and vegetable consumption of Native American toddlers. Findings from the qualitative research was then used to develop an IMB Model-based quantitative assessment tool, which was administered with a fruit and vegetable food frequency questionnaire. From the quantitative phase, it was determined that caregiver fruit and vegetable-related behavioral skills was significantly associated with child fruit and vegetable intake, caregiver fruit and vegetable-related motivation was significantly associated with caregiver fruit and vegetable-related behavioral skills and caregiver fruit and vegetable-related information was significantly associated with caregiver fruit and vegetable-related motivation. Caregiver fruit and vegetable motivation was significantly associated with child fruit and vegetable intake via an indirect pathway and was mediated by caregiver fruit and vegetable-related behavioral skills. The quantitative phase provided validation of the qualitative findings and suggested that the IMB model may serve as a useful aid in developing fruit and vegetable-focused interventions for the Native American population.