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The purpose of this book is to illustrate a selection of biological prop erties of bacteria that reveal them as important living beings. We have primarily addressed readers who have had some previous educa tion in the natural sciences, and we have assumed a modest under standing of elementary chemical and biological principles. Our aim is to provide abrief survey of bacterial forms and structures, placing special emphasis on the activities of bacteria in their environment and some important interrelations within it. Bacterial ecobiology is the study of those aspects of bacteria that influence, and are in fluenced by, environmental phenomena. Some material traditionally covered in standard texts-such as medi cal bacteriology and immunology, applied bacteriology, and bacterial classification-will not be found here, because it is our opinion that these are peripheral to the idea of ecobiology and because numerous excellent treatments of this material are readily available. There is also no formal presentation ofbacterial genetics or of molecular biology per se in this book. However, mention of phenomena involved in these subjects is made where considered appropriate.
The field of nucleic acids has grown to such a tremendeous size that it is impossible to include all publications concerning the chemistry and biological role of nucleic acids in an article of the length presented in this "Volume. Therefore, it is necessary to select the most important contributions and those not included "in well-known reviews. In many cases reference is made only to the authors who summarized their specialized field in chapters of the three volumes of "The Nucleic Acids" (edB. E. CHARGAFF and J. N. DAVIDSON, Acad. Press, New York 1955 and 19(0) or to the "Nucleic Acid Outlines" (V. R. POTTER, Burgess Publishing Comp. Minneapolis), where further literature and more detailed discussions may be found. Facts and theories will be dealt with, but not lists of references. Therefore it is not possible to follow in all cases the historical development of an idea and to admowledge all publications which might be important and inter esting from another point of view. Very little is mentioned about methods in the field of nucleic acids.
In a single volume, the authors bring together a review of current biological understanding of planktonic foraminifera and apply it to developments in sedimentology. With the growing interest in the shells of this class of protozoa as indicators of the history of the earth, revealed through the sedimentary record, a comprehensive analysis of the biology of contemporary foraminifera has become necessary. Main topics covered include Taxonomy, Collecting and Culture Methods, Cellular Ultrastructure, Host and Symbiont Relationships, Trophic Activity and Nutrition, Reproduction, Shell Ontogeny and Architecture, Ecology and Sedimentation and Settlement of Shells.
The Beginnings of Electron Microscopy presents the technical development of electron microscope. This book examines the mechanical as well as the technical problems arising from the physical properties of the electron. Organized into 19 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the history of scanning electron microscopy and electron beam microanalysis. This text then explains the applications and capabilities of electron microscopes during the war. Other chapters consider the classical techniques of light microscopy. This book presents as well the schematic outline of the preparation techniques for investigation of nerve cells by electron microscopy. The final chapter deals with the historical account of the beginnings of electron microscopy in Russia. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, technologists, physicists, electrical engineers, designers, and technicians. Graduate students as well as researcher workers who are interested in the history of electron microscopy will also find this book extremely useful.
Alphaherpesviruses are a fascinating group of DNA viruses that includes important human pathogens such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV): the causative agents of cold sores, genital ulcerous disease, and chickenpox/shingles, respectively. A key attribute of these viruses is their ability to establish lifelong latent infection in the peripheral nervous system of the host. Such persistence requires subversion of the host's immune system and intrinsic antiviral defense mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms of the immune evasion and what triggers viral reactivation is a major challenge for today's researchers. This has prompted enormous research efforts into understanding the molecular and cellular biology of these viruses. This up-to-date and comprehensive volume aims to distill the most important research in this area providing a timely overview of the field. Topics covered include: transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, translational control, virus entry and capsid assembly, the role of microRNAs in infection and oncolytic vectors for cancer therapy. In addition there is coverage of virus-host interactions, including apoptosis, subversion of host protein quality control and DNA damage response pathways, autophagy, establishment and reactivation from latency, interferon responses, immunity and vaccine development. Essential reading for everyone working with alphaherpesviruses and of interest to all virologists working on latent infections.