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Avalanche dynamics equations are used to estimate flow heights, velocities, specific thrust pressure, maximum specific weight of avalanche debris, and runout distance for 12 avalanche case studies from the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Suggestions are made for using this engineering approach for avalanche zoning and land use planning.
Avalanches, mudflows and landslides are common and natural phenomena that occur in mountainous regions. With an emphasis on snow avalanches, this book provides a survey and discussion about the motion of avalanche-like flows from initiation to run out. An important aspect of this book is the formulation and investigation of a simple but appropriate continuum mechanical model for the realistic prediction of geophysical flows of granular material.
Technical yet accessible, The Avalanche Handbook, 3rd Edition, covers the formation, character, effects, and control of avalanches; rescue techniques; and research on understanding and surviving avalanches. Illustrated with nearly 200 updated illustrations, photos and examples, the revised edition offers exhaustive information on contributing weather and climate factors, snowpack analysis, the newest transceiver search techniques, and preventative and protective measures, including avalanche zoning and control. It contains new information on the unique characteristics of alpine snow, snow slab instability, terrain variables, skier triggering of avalanches, and the nature of avalanche motion. Plus brand-new chapters on the elements of backcountry avalanche forecasting and the decision-making process.
Avalanche dynamics equations are used to estimate flow heights, velocities, specific thrust pressure, maximum specific weight of avalanche debris, and runout distance for 12 avalanche case studies from the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Suggestions are made for using this engineering approach for avalanche zoning and land use planning.
Snow avalanches can have highly destructive consequences in developed areas. Each year, avalanche catastrophes occur in mountain regions around the globe and cause unnecessary fatalities and severe damage to buildings and infrastructure. In some mountainous regions, especially in the European Alps, technical avalanche defence structures are built to increase the level of safety for inhabited areas; however, new infrastructure such as roads, railway lines and tourist facilities cause new risk potential in hazardous areas. As a result, the demand is increasing for technical avalanche protection solutions. Avalanche defence structures and protection systems are used in most inhabited mountain regions worldwide. During the last decades, technical avalanche protection has evolved from a specialist field to an independent engineering branch that has gained importance in alpine countries such as Austria, Italy, France and Switzerland, as well as in other countries such as Canada, Iceland, Norway and USA. This work is the first comprehensive, English-language overview of technical avalanche protection and establishes state-of-the-art best practices in the field. It covers the fundamentals of avalanche protection technology and includes plans, dimensions, construction and maintenance of defence structures. The editors have collaborated with an international team of experts from Austria, Canada, France, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Norway, Switzerland and USA to produce this landmark handbook.
A "Sonderforschungsbereich" (SFB) is a programme of the "Deutsche For schungsgemeinschaft" to financially support a concentrated research effort of a number of scientists located principally at one University, Research La boratory or a number of these situated in close proximity to one another so that active interaction among individual scientists is easily possible. Such SFB are devoted to a topic, in our case "Deformation and Failure in Metallic and Granular M aterialK' , and financing is based on a peer reviewed proposal for three (now four) years with the intention of several prolongations after evaluation of intermediate progress and continuation reports. An SFB is terminated in general by a formal workshop, in which the state of the art of the achieved results is presented in oral or I and poster communications to which also guests are invited with whom the individual project investigators may have collaborated. Moreover, a research report in book form is produced in which a number of articles from these lectures are selected and collected, which present those research results that withstood a rigorous reviewing pro cess (with generally two or three referees). The theme deformation and failure of materials is presented here in two volumes of the Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics by Springer Verlag, and the present volume is devoted to granular and porous continua. The complementary volume (Lecture Notes in Applied and Com putational Mechanics, vol. 10, Eds. K. HUTTER & H.