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Techniques for producing two types of abstracts of technical literature were developed. One abstract was designed to be a general-purpose abstract which could be used to support a variety of text-mediated tasks. The second abstract was a modification of the first, and was designed to contain only that information necessary to the performance of a single given task. Four types of text-supported tasks were identified--screening, comprehension-retention, fact retrieval, and problem solving. Paper and pencil tests were prepared--the tests designed to serve as analogs of the four tasks. Performance accuracy and performance time on the tasks of subjects using the abstracts were compared to those of subjects using original text. For both college students and professional scientists, it was found that the abstracts effectively served in place of full text in supporting performance on all tasks except fact retrieval. Accuracy loss was slight, while time savings were substantial. The abstracts were more effectively used for screening and comprehension-retention than for problem solving. The task-specific abstracts were superior to the general-purpose abstracts in amount of time saved in performance of the screening and the comprehension-retention tasks. The implications of these results for future work were discussed. (Author).
ntil now there has been no state-of-the-art collection of themost important writings in automatic text summarization. This bookpresents the key developments in the field in an integrated frameworkand suggests future research areas. With the rapid growth of the World Wide Web and electronic information services, information is becoming available on-line at an incredible rate. One result is the oft-decried information overload. No one has time to read everything, yet we often have to make critical decisions based on what we are able to assimilate. The technology of automatic text summarization is becoming indispensable for dealing with this problem. Text summarization is the process of distilling the most important information from a source to produce an abridged version for a particular user or task. Until now there has been no state-of-the-art collection of the most important writings in automatic text summarization. This book presents the key developments in the field in an integrated framework and suggests future research areas. The book is organized into six sections: Classical Approaches, Corpus-Based Approaches, Exploiting Discourse Structure, Knowledge-Rich Approaches, Evaluation Methods, and New Summarization Problem Areas. Contributors D. A. Adams, C. Aone, R. Barzilay, E. Bloedorn, B. Boguraev, R. Brandow, C. Buckley, F. Chen, M. J. Chrzanowski, H. P. Edmundson, M. Elhadad, T. Firmin, R. P. Futrelle, J. Gorlinsky, U. Hahn, E. Hovy, D. Jang, K. Sparck Jones, G. M. Kasper, C. Kennedy, K. Kukich, J. Kupiec, B. Larsen, W. G. Lehnert, C. Lin, H. P. Luhn, I. Mani, D. Marcu, M. Maybury, K. McKeown, A. Merlino, M. Mitra, K. Mitze, M. Moens, A. H. Morris, S. H. Myaeng, M. E. Okurowski, J. Pedersen, J. J. Pollock, D. R. Radev, G. J. Rath, L. F. Rau, U. Reimer, A. Resnick, J. Robin, G. Salton, T. R. Savage, A. Singhal, G. Stein, T. Strzalkowski, S. Teufel, J. Wang, B. Wise, A. Zamora
The World Conference on Qualitative Research (WCQR) is an annual event that aims to bring together researchers, academics and professionals, promoting the sharing and discussion of knowledge, new perspectives, experiences and innovations on the field of Qualitative Research. This book includes a selection of the articles accepted for presentation and discussion at WCQR2019, held in Porto, Portugal, October 16-18, 2019. WCQR2019 featured four main application fields (Education, Health, Social Sciences, and Engineering/Technology) and seven main subjects: Rationale and Paradigms of Qualitative Research; Systematization of Approaches with Qualitative Studies; Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research; Data Analysis Types; Innovative Processes of Qualitative Data Analysis; Qualitative Research in Web Context; Qualitative Analysis with Software Support. The book is a valuable resource for everyone interested in Qualitative Research with emphasis on Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis.