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For years, reducing the number of traffic-related fatalities and injuries has been a major problem throughout the world. Today, it has gained much more momentum in view of rapidly increasing SUV, van, and light-truck populations relative to the number of passenger cars, and due to significant improvements in technologies that facilitate a better understanding of the interaction dynamics among widely differing size vehicles. Unless disparities in crashworthiness among vehicles of different masses, sizes, and structural characteristics in mixed crash environments are successfully taken into account, the challenge toward improved vehicle safety will continue. This two-part compendium provides the most comprehensive information available on the entire spectrum of vehicle crash compatibility. The first part presents oral comments captured from the 2003 SAE World Congress panel discussion on compatibility. The panel of leading experts representing industry, academia, and government provides a rough framework and a broad range of views on current and emerging developments in compatibility research. The second part of this compendium features 44 best technical papers from SAE International and the International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, published from the early 1970s through 2004. Readers will get a feel for the direction passenger car and heavy-vehicle manufacturers, research institutions, infrastructure suppliers, insurers, and governments are taking to reduce the number of traffic fatalities and injuries.
There are approximately 4,000 fatalities in crashes involving trucks and buses in the United States each year. Though estimates are wide-ranging, possibly 10 to 20 percent of these crashes might have involved fatigued drivers. The stresses associated with their particular jobs (irregular schedules, etc.) and the lifestyle that many truck and bus drivers lead, puts them at substantial risk for insufficient sleep and for developing short- and long-term health problems. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health and Highway Safety assesses the state of knowledge about the relationship of such factors as hours of driving, hours on duty, and periods of rest to the fatigue experienced by truck and bus drivers while driving and the implications for the safe operation of their vehicles. This report evaluates the relationship of these factors to drivers' health over the longer term, and identifies improvements in data and research methods that can lead to better understanding in both areas.
An average of 242 persons were killed each year from 1975 through 1979 in accidents while riding in the cargo areas of pickup trucks, according to data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS). In 1979, the Safety Board investigated an accident involving a compact pickup truck in which the driver and three persons were riding in the cab and eight persons were in the open-cargo area of the truck. The driver failed to negotiate a curve and the truck ran off the road and overturned. Seven persons in the cargo area were killed. As a result of its investigation of this accident, the Safety Board recommended that the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances (NCUTLO) establish model guidelines for prohibiting passengers from riding in open cargo areas of most vehicles. The NCUTLO had considered model guidelines on a broader scale in 1975, but because of several complications, the proposal was rejected. This study was made to demonstrate further the need for model guidelines prohibiting passengers from riding in the cargo area of a vehicle, and to make available information about the dangers to passengers riding in the open cargo area of a vehicle. Recommendations are made to the NCUTLO, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, the National Safety Council, Automobile Importers of America and to the Governors of the 50 States.