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Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.
During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages-cancer and cardiovascular disease-available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which-unlike randomized controlled trials-are subject to many biases.
The text provides an overview of the Australian Health Care System at a level suitable for 1st year undergraduate students. It describes the 'architecture' of the system and its key components (public hospital sector, private hospital and health insurance, GPs and primary care, community health, public health), some of the things that shape the system and introduces key concepts that underpin it such as the idea of the welfare state or a universal health system.
"Up to 70% of all visits to a doctor are now thought to have a predominantly lifestyle-based cause." 5 STAR DOODY'S REVIEW! ". It has a refreshingly broad scope, as it addresses many issues rather than the usual, single-issue book on lifestyles....This is an outstanding book, easy to read, with a very broad scope, and full of useful approaches to discuss lifestyle problems with patients. This is a tremendous addition to every clinician's armamentarium."--Doody's Review Service "This comprehensive yet highly readable text summarizes the theoretical framework behind lifestyle medicine and provides practical guidance for GPs and allied health professionals to implement preventative 'three A' (Assess, Advise, Arrange) interventions in brief clinical consultations....this excellent resource offers strategies that may provide health care teams with practical approaches that are, for the most part, realistic to implement in primary care settings."--American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine Lifestyle Medicine is the essential book for contemporary times. It concentrates largely on the contribution that can be made directly by the clinician at the personal level. But what is "lifestyle medicine?" Lifestyle medicine calls for a modified approach to health management to help clinicians effectively prevent, treat, and manage a range of modern health problems with predominantly lifestyle-based etiologies. The rise in obesity worldwide has focused attention on lifestyle as a prominent cause of disease. However, obesity is just one manifestation, albeit an obvious one, of lifestyle-related problems. A wide range of others have resulted from the environment and behaviors associated with our modern way of living. Inactivity, poor and over-nutrition, smoking, drug and alcohol abuse, inappropriate medication, stress, unsafe sexual behavior, inadequate sleep, risk-taking, and environmental exposure (i.e. sun, chemicals, the built environment) are significant modern causes of disease. New and adaptive approaches to health management are needed to deal with these complex problems. Lifestyle Medicine provides these tools to enable clinicians to successfully manage patients in our current environment. Key Features: Presents the latest research Written by a team of renowned experts Highly practical and accessible format Includes practice tips, key points, and professional resources
A updated overview of Australia’s health care system, addressing its core features, concepts and issues Understanding the Australian Health Care System, 2nd edition is an excellent university book for undergraduate and postgraduate students alike. Published four years after the original, this second edition has been fully revised to reflect major Australian health care reform. Its fully up-to-date content includes current governmental and legislative changes impacting Australia’s health care system. Other topics addressed include quality and safety within the system, health insurance in Australia – both public and private – the PBS and integrated medicine. This outstanding medical book delves deeply into the system’s theoretical framework, structure and organisation and includes comparisons with the US and UK health care systems. This new edition of Understanding the Australian Health Care System will be a valuable reference for those studying health science, health promotion, sports and exercise science, physiotherapy, human services, nursing, midwifery, medicine, paramedicine, health system management, medical radiations science and health informatics. Online student and instructor resources Stronger focus on social determinants throughout text Addresses a wide range of health professions – now including disability professionals and social workers Current theoretical framework for healthcare reform (Tuohy 2009) Stronger focus on social determinants throughout text Addresses current position on national registration Features an excellent ancillary package on Elsevier’s Evolve platform Includes three new chapters addressing: disability professionals; quality and safety; and social work Reflects major health care reform in Australia (COAG 2009) Discusses current theoretical framework for healthcare reform (Tuohy 2009) New contributors