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This two-volume set provides an extensive review of the abundant past and recent literature on the atmospheric chemistry in the Mediterranean region. The books document the experience gained on the atmospheric composition over the Mediterranean basin and close areas after almost six decades of studies, starting from early studies of radioactive aerosol fallouts and intense desert dust events in the 1960s, aerosol samples collected during oceanographic cruises in the early 1980s and including discoveries from subsequent surface monitoring stations, intensive campaigns, satellite climatologies, laboratory studies, as well as chemistry-transport and climate models. Through ten thematic sections, the authors examine the sources and fates of atmospheric pollutants over the Mediterranean basin and what we know about their major impacts on air quality and health, on the radiative budget and climate, on marine chemistry and biogeochemistry. This overview not only considers the full cycle of both aerosol and reactive gases including emissions, transport, transformation, and sinks, but also addresses the main impacts of the regional atmospheric chemistry. The volumes are an initiative from the ending ChArMEx project that has federated many studies on those topics in the past decade, and update the scientific knowledge by integrating the ChArMEx and non-ChArMEx literature. The books are contributed by a large pool of well-known authors from the respective fields, mainly from France and Greece, but also from fourteen other countries. All chapters have been peer-reviewed by international scientific experts in the corresponding domains. Volume 1 provides background information on the Mediterranean atmosphere, and focuses on the synoptic and dynamic conditions affecting pollutant concentrations over the Mediterranean basin, aerosol concentrations and variability, and reactive gas concentrations and variability. The targeted audience is the academic community working on atmospheric chemistry and its impacts on climate, air quality and marine biogeochemistry, especially teams having a special interest in the Mediterranean region, which includes many countries and institutes worldwide.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Natural and Contaminant Substances from Continent to Ocean and Continent to Continent, St. Georges, Bermuda, January 10-17, 1988
This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines.
An understanding of long-range transport of air pollutants in the atmosphere requires a knowledge of the relevant atmospheric dynamic and chemical processes active at the regional scale as well as the temporal and spatial distribution of emissions. Numerical modeling is the most efficient way to determine the atmospheric transport, photochemistry and deposition pathways. The book therefore discusses the physical and chemical processes that determine regional air pollution and presents the relevant modeling techniques to describe the different atmospheric processes that are active at that scale.
This study investigates the extent of the pollution of the Mediterranean Sea with respect to the four bordering EC countries - spain, France, Italy, and Greece. The environmental pressures and economic impacts are examined and the institutional/legal framework is described together with all the necessary environmental expenditures. The book is written in such a way that separate chapters are devoted to each of the four countries, after an initial section summarizing the major commonalities. These chapters are organized in parallel formats so that it is possible to examine the same topic country by country. Good references are provided for the reader who is not familiar with the subject of Mediterranean pollution. For specialists, the book provides a useful overview of adjacent fields other than their own speciality: for policymakers, the chapters provide sufficient foundations for decision-making: for the investment planner and banks, it provides budget and investment needs; and for the private sector, it gives an insight into the possibilities for corporate applications of environmental technologies. Four specialists - Prof. V. Silano (Italy), Dr. M. Vassilopoulos (Greece), Dr. L.A. Romafia (France), and Mr. A. Estevan (Spain- contributed sustantially by evaluating the necessary information from national documents on environmental policies and strategies. The book was developed on the basis of an integrated environmental study financed by the European Investment Bank, to which we would like to express our sincere thanks.
As the regional models required to understand and control the generation, distribution and deposition of air pollutants become more precise, the need to understand the detailed effects of hilly and mountainous terrain becomes more acute. The Alpine regions and the mountainous Mediterranean coasts have large effets on the way the pollutant burden is spread in their areas. Similarly an understanding of the effects of chemical and physical processes controlling pollutant deposition and the emission of biogenic compounds is essential to the correct modelling of the coastal regions which surround so much of Europe. The results from two projects on these problems are presented in this volume: one involved a series of field campaigns in the Alps and in the Rhine valley, the other involves ships and platforms in the North Sea and also in the Mediterranean.
Written in an accessible and lively style, this ground-breaking text marries a critique of current remedies towards environmental problems to original and viable alternatives. This text adopts an eco-centric rather than a traditional environmental management perspective to focuses on the key issues such as: * The effectiveness of international agreements in solving environmental problems * the role of the structures and constraints within which these agreements operate