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Acculturation processes involve adaptation from the culture of origin to the host culture. As a result, foreign born Latinos experience a shift in norms, values, behaviors, and attitudes towards non-Latino (Western) culture when relocating to the United States. Acculturation among Latina women has been associated with behaviors contributing to obesity and may affect dieting behaviors. Behavior change interventions targeting weight loss through diet achieve moderate short term weight loss. Changes, however, are not sustained and disrupt homeostasis. In contrast, intuitive eating offers a non-dieting approach to weight management teaching participants to eat according to physiological hunger and satiety cues. Intuitive eating has been associated with improved physiological and mental health outcomes. A convenience sample of 54 Latina women completed surveys and anthropometric measurements at baseline as part of Valorando Nuestros Cuerpos (Valuing Our Bodies) pilot study. This aim of this study was to assess the relationship between acculturation and intuitive eating among Latina women residing near the United States-Mexico border using a cross-sectional survey. This study examined the relationship between acculturation and intuitive eating using multiple measures of acculturation including Marin's Bi-dimensional Acculturation Scale (BAS), country of birth, years of residence and age at arrival among foreign born, and the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2). Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients and a multiple linear regression were run to assess the significance of the variables representing acculturation and intuitive eating (IE). Results indicated the majority of the sample was foreign born, overweight or obese, dominant in Latino culture according to the BAS, and relatively high intuitive eating scores. Contrary to the hypothesis, analyses found no significant relationship between acculturation and intuitive eating. However, the relationship between BMI and intuitive eating approached significance. Possible reasons for lack of significance include volunteer bias from convenience sampling, frequent border crossing, and low levels of acculturation. Further research is needed to validate the translation of the complete IES-2 scale into Spanish and to include a group of Latina women with more variance in generations and ethnic groups. Despite a lack of statistical significance, intuitive eating remains a promising approach to weight maintenance for Latina women.
Research has demonstrated a link between acculturation to the mainstream society and eating disorder behaviors among Mexican American women. The current study sought to identify mediators in the relationship between acculturation to the mainstream society and eating disorder behaviors, including internalization of sociocultural pressures of thinness and body dissatisfaction, to help inform research of the processes by which this relationship occurs. In the spirit of working from a strength-based framework, the study also sought to identify unique cultural variables that served as moderators in the relationship between acculturation to the mainstream society and internalization of sociocultural pressures of thinness. The study included a sample of 209 Mexican American women from Latino cultural organizations and Latino studies programs in universities across the U.S. Path analysis was conducted to test the overall model fit as well as specific hypothesized effects. Findings suggested that the model was not a goodfit to the data. In addition, results indicated that internalization did not mediate the association between acculturation and body dissatisfaction, whereas body dissatisfaction did mediate the association between internalization and both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Results also indicated that ethnic identity did not moderate the link between acculturation and internalization, while familism did moderate this link. Further, acculturation was not significantly related to anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, ethnic identity was significantly related to internalization, and familism was not significantly related to internalization. Findings are discussed in the context of multicultural research and theory as it relates to Mexican American women's lived experiences.
This study will examine the relationship between acculturation and the attitudes toward eating disorders in Mexican American girls and young women in the state of New Mexico. this longitudinal repeated measures (2) study will span a 6-year period starting at age 12 (+/-1 year) and ending when the young women reach age 18. The test battery for this study will consist of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale (BAS) for Hispanics. Subjects will participate in testing at 2-year intervals. The female head-of-household, either the mother or guardian, will also accompany the young girls in the every-other-year testing. It is hypothesized that at each year of testing the gap between mother's and daughter's scores on the BAS will get wider, indicating the daughter's increased acculturation to Western cultural ideals.
Despite low socioeconomic status and lack of resources, Latinas are found to have better-than-expected birth outcomes, which deteriorate with higher US acculturation. In addition, as the incidence of obesity rises amongst Latinas, it is necessary to study this acculturation paradox in the context of obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between US acculturation and poor birth outcomes, particularly examining preterm birth and/or low birth weight (PTLBW), in a sample of Mexican origin women. Furthermore, the differential effect of obesity on the association between acculturation and birth outcomes was examined. This was a longitudinal observational study using data from the Study for Hispanic Acculturation, Reproduction, and the Environment (SHARE). Participants were 1,062 pregnant women recruited from six Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics in San Joaquin County, California between 1999 and 2001. The majority of women were of Mexican descent at varying lengths of US residency. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations among acculturation, obesity and poor birth outcomes. Results demonstrated a significant association between US acculturation and PTLBW such that moderately acculturated women had over three times the odds of experiencing PTLBW, while low and highly acculturated women did not show an increased risk. In moderately acculturated women who were also obese, their chance of PTLBW decreased, indicating that obesity acted as a buffer for PTLBW. This effect was not demonstrated in low or highly acculturated women. In conclusion, this study re-examines the Latina Acculturation Paradox in the context of obesity. It is unique in that it demonstrates deviation from the paradox, as the most highly acculturated women did not experience the worst birth outcomes. Additionally, this is among the first study to demonstrate a protective effect of obesity in terms of perinatal health.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to purchasing less healthy foods among a sub-sample of the Latino population living in Long Beach, California. Specifically, purchasing less healthy foods were investigated by examining the effects of number of years in the United States, language use, language acculturation, household size, and participant age. Data were obtained from a childhood obesity prevention intervention titled "Sanos y Fuertes" or Healthy and Strong. Demographic forms were collected from Latino families with children between the ages of 2 and 8 years of age. There was no significant relationship observed between purchasing less healthy foods and number of years in the United States, language use, language acculturation, household size, and participant age. The findings signify that there may be other factors involved in food purchasing behavior. This study suggests further research using more in-depth scales that go beyond testing demographics.
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between acculturation indicators and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Hispanic adults living in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area in Texas. MetS is a pressing public health problem, and Hispanics have the highest prevalence among all ethnic groups in the United States (35.4%). MetS is a cluster of five risk factors (blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides) that increase a person’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Currently, Hispanics are the second-largest ethnic group in the United States, and more than one-third of the U.S. Hispanic population is foreign-born. As immigrants and subsequent generations are exposed to the mainstream U.S. culture, the process of acculturation impacts their lifestyle behaviors and health. Acculturation indicators (nativity, duration in the United States, and scores from the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics) and the five MetS markers were assessed among 128 adult participants. Logistic regression modeling was conducted to predict MetS status (present/not present) by acculturation indicators and covariates (sex, age, and education). Additional analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between each individual MetS marker, acculturation indicators, and the identified covariates. For every one-unit increase in a participant’s duration in the United States (measured in years), the likelihood of having abnormal blood pressure increased by 6% and the likelihood of having abnormal blood glucose increased by 5%. Results indicate increasing exposure to the mainstream American culture negatively impacts health risks and status among Hispanics. The primary treatment for MetS is lifestyle modification that includes regular physical activity, healthy eating, and weight loss. Health care providers can aid in reducing MetS prevalence by raising awareness of the condition and associated risk factors among their patients as well as recommending lifestyle modification to reduce their risk. Study results can aid health educators in planning, implementing, and evaluating health communication campaigns and health education/promotion programs to prevent MetS among Hispanics. Further examination of what changes occur in health behaviors that increase risk of MetS would provide further insight into why duration in the United States is associated with elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting blood glucose levels.
Prenatal exposure to substances of abuse is a significant public health problem in the United States. Alcohol use among women has increased over the past decade and the gender gap between men and women related to drinking continues to narrow, creating the potential for alcohol-related, adverse health effects, including alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Furthermore, there appears to be a change in drinking patterns when it comes to Hispanic women who are more highly acculturated. Despite this, few studies have examined the association between acculturation levels and decisions about alcohol and contraception use. This study utilizes the transtheoretical model of behavior change, the social cognitive model, and the social ecological model to understand the most relevant individual and systemic elements that affect behavior change. The current study analyzes data from a parent study, two-group randomized clinical trial of 261 women of reproductive age receiving services in primary care clinics receiving either CHOICES Plus or Brief Advice. The results showed differences between alcohol and contraception use outcomes for Hispanic versus non-Hispanic women. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that acculturation was also associated with differences in some of the transtheoretical model constructs. Further research should explore differences in acculturation among Hispanic subgroups. The data also support existing literature that suggests the need for components of interventions to be adapted based on ethnicity and level of acculturation.