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Asset management plays an important role in maintaining the competitiveness of nuclear power plants in a challenging and changing electricity market. The value of effective asset management is in providing support to those making decisions seeking the optimum level of financial performance, operational performance and risk exposure. This publication provides information on various methodologies, good practices and approaches to manage assets in nuclear power plants currently in operation or in other operational nuclear facilities. Information relevant to new build and decommissioning environments is also provided.
On the basis of the principles included in the Fundamental Safety Principles, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SF-1, this Safety Requirements publication establishes requirements applicable to the design of nuclear power plants. It covers the design phase and provides input for the safe operation of the power plant. It elaborates on the safety objective, safety principles and concepts that provide the basis for deriving the safety requirements that must be met for the design of a nuclear power plant. Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Applying the safety principles and concepts; 3. Management of safety in design; 4. Principal technical requirements; 5. General plant design; 6. Design of specific plant systems.
This open access book discusses the eroding economics of nuclear power for electricity generation as well as technical, legal, and political acceptance issues. The use of nuclear power for electricity generation is still a heavily disputed issue. Aside from technical risks, safety issues, and the unsolved problem of nuclear waste disposal, the economic performance is currently a major barrier. In recent years, the costs have skyrocketed especially in the European countries and North America. At the same time, the costs of alternatives such as photovoltaics and wind power have significantly decreased.
This publication is a comprehensive study that reviews the current situation in a great number of applications of research reactors. It revises the contents of IAEA TECDOC-1234, The Applications of Research Reactors, giving detailed updates on each field of research reactor uses worldwide. Reactors of all sizes and capabilities can benefit from the sharing of current practices and research enabled via this updated version, which describes the requirements for practicing methods as diverse as neutron activation analysis, education and training, neutron scattering and neutron imaging, silicon doping and radioisotope production, material/fuel irradiation and testing, and some others. Many underutilised research reactors can learn how to diversify their technical capabilities, staff and potential commercial partners and users seeking research reactor services and products. The content of the publication has also been strengthened in terms of current issues facing the vast majority of research reactors by including sections describing user and customer relations as well as strategic planning considerations.
Assessing nuclear energy transition scenarios requires appropriate modelling tools. The IAEA tool Model for Energy Supply System Alternatives and their General Environmental Impacts (MESSAGE) is described in this publication. The tool simulates the development of a complete energy system and provides a convenient platform for modelling and analysing nuclear energy systems (NES), as it can efficiently model nuclear technologies with their specific features. Among other things, the tool can help produce a description of an entire NES with time dependent parameters for long-term planning; confirm the feasibility of a NES through correlation and consistency of all NES components, taking into account all constraints and boundary conditions imposed on the system; balance fissile material in a close fuel cycle and determine fuel cycle requirements. In addition, it assists the user in the choice of alternatives by comparison of different options relating to fuel requirements and volume and toxicity of waste. The publication provides a detailed guidance on how to build mathematical models representing complex nuclear energy systems within the framework of the MESSAGE tool.
Describes the rationale and vision for the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The publication identifies the basic principles that nuclear energy systems must satisfy to fulfil their promise of meeting growing global energy demands.
The restarting of nuclear power plant projects with delays of several years in respect of the original scheduled commercial operation date presents particular management issues. A number of restarted delayed projects were reviewed and practical experience from them is presented in this publication.
This publication is the new edition of the International Basic Safety Standards. The edition is co-sponsored by seven other international organizations European Commission (EC/Euratom), FAO, ILO, OECD/NEA, PAHO, UNEP and WHO. It replaces the interim edition that was published in November 2011 and the previous edition of the International Basic Safety Standards which was published in 1996. It has been extensively revised and updated to take account of the latest finding of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and the latest recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The publication details the requirements for the protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources. All circumstances of radiation exposure are considered.
This report sets out the costs of operating disposal sites for LLW in OECD countries, as well as the factors that may affect the costs of sites being developed.
This Safety Report is a compilation of detailed information on the processes and materials associated with the phosphate industry and on the radiological considerations that need to be taken into account by the regulatory body when determining the nature and extent of radiation protection measures. It has been developed as part of the IAEA's programme on the application of its safety standards in the field of radiation, transport and waste safety. The information provided will assist in the implementation of a graded approach to regulation, in terms of which the application of the requirements of the safety standards is commensurate with the characteristics of the practice or source and with the magnitude and likelihood of the exposures. The publication also provides information on expected radionuclide concentrations, exposure levels and the most appropriate regulatory approach in the phosphate industry and covers the mining and beneficiation of phosphate ore, phosphoric acid production, phosphogypsum, and the manufacture and use of phosphatic fertilizers among others.