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Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,7, University of applied sciences, Munich, language: English, abstract: The subprime crisis in 2007 proved to be a decisive factor in the financial world and triggered a global financial crisis of unimagined proportions. This essay examines the role of asset-backed securities in the 2007/2008 financial crisis, focusing on the triggers and the process that eventually led to the bursting of the US real estate bubble. The paper also provides an overview of how the downturn in the US housing market was triggered and how the United States and the global economy slid into recession.
The study aims at analyzing the product and market functions of Asset-backed Securities (ABS) by firstly, distinguishing characteristics of the product functions and market functions in relation to Asset-backed Securitization within a general compass. The product functions the author refers to the phase prior to the issuing of securities, namely the structuring phase. Thus, the author will be drawing from history and developments in the market, players involved in the structuring process and descriptions of the basic product functions. Secondly, the author will elaborate on the market functions; the phase subsequent to the product being implemented into the market. Furthermore the author strives to give the reader a clear definition of the types of asset-backed securities and their functions within the market framework. Thirdly, the author will elaborate on the shortfalls in the ABS structure with relation to it's risk and continue to discuss the risks attributable to the product and market functions of ABS. Finally, the author will submit solutions for the featured risks within the framework and draw an outline as to the ABS securitization market in the future. Chapter 1: distinguishes characteristics of the product functions of Asset Backed Securitization, by explaining the key definitions associated with initiating the product phase. Initially the history and development of the ABS market will be unraveled; thereafter the author continues to describe the structure of the ABS process, explained by describing the role played by the key players in the process. Conclusively, the author exemplifies the two main concepts of securitization's product sphere namely, True sale/Conventional and Synthetic Securitization Chapter 2: distinguishes characteristics of the Market functions of Asset Backed Securitization, by explaining the different types of ABS also by giving a short description of each type of asset backed securities, namely, ABS, MBS, and CDO. Furthermore, the a
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1,3, University of applied sciences, Nürnberg (IOM), course: Financial Management, language: English, abstract: This paper occupies with asset-backed securities as a financing instrument for companies and as an investment for investors. It shows the advantages of this financing vehicle. Firms can get a quick access to the financial markets and clean up their balance sheet and creditworthiness by selling receivables out of their assets. Investors get a good return on their input and help organizations financing themselves. But heavy risks, like securitization risks, regulatory risks, counterpart risks, economical risks and wrong rating risks can endanger the financial transaction and lead into a financial default. The greed of investment banks, bad economical circumstances and at least a deficient risk management of companies helped ABS products becoming a main role during the financial crisis of 2007. During the financial crisis ABS products lost their natural status as financing instruments and became something like financial investments.
A comprehensive guide to the continuously evolving world of securitization The Second Edition of The Securitization Markets Handbook is a valuable resource for both experienced money managers trying to put a securitization strategy into place as well as newcomers looking to acquire a broad and strong foundation in this discipline. This edition takes a close look at the pre- and post-crash mortgage market and the mortgage-backed securities based on those mortgages, as well as other asset-backed securities including commercial paper or credit cards. The crash of the subprime market and the failure of the asset-backed markets offer an opportunity to learn about banking finance, specifically off-balance sheet finance, and the many costly mistakes that resulted in one of the most severe downturns in financial markets. With this book, you'll discover why certain mortgage and asset-backed securities imploded and others didn't. This new edition examines why the market failed and how the next crisis can be averted or made less severe. It also explains why securitization remains a primary source of capital for the mortgage market, credit card market, home equity market, auto loan market, and segments of the commercial paper market. Offers an informed overview of how the securitization market works, how to make money in it, and what's next for asset- and mortgage-backed securities after the crisis Contains new chapters on CDOs and SIVs, along with a history of the growth and crash of the subprime market, asset-backed securities, and home equity lines of credit Written by securitization experts Charles Stone and Anne Zissu Updated to reflect the current market environment, the Second Edition of The Securitization Markets Handbook offers clear, comprehensive guidance to these complex markets.
I investigate the evolution of spread determinants on structured finance issues over a twelve years period, before and during the financial crisis, with a specific focus on the impact of the securitization markets collapse on the role of Credit Rating as a determinant of asset-backed securities launch spread. Through an empirical study on a sample of securitization issues, I find that Credit Rating influence on spread has been subject to changes on specific aspects since the beginning of the financial crisis. I find evidences that on average, during the financial crisis, higher Credit Ratings have a less intense impact in lowering asset-backed securities' launch spread than in pre-crisis times, while negative ratings' worsening effect on spread is somehow amplified. Furthermore, I find a few evidences that during the financial crisis investors may also rely on other public information about liquidity and market characteristics and as well about systematic risk aspects in assessing a given issue. Such information is usually included in Credit Rating to assess structured finance issues, but has revealed to be less significant in pre-crisis time. Thus the influence of Credit Rating on spread, and as well that of other relevant spread determinants, may be subject to changes in structure and dimension as a result of the financial crisis. I also theoretically discuss and suggest the likely possibility that such results are linked to changes in markets and investors' expectations about Credit Rating and Rating Agencies' reliability and trustworthiness.
Refinancing a mortgage is often one of the biggest and most important financial decisions that people make. Borrowers need to choose the interest rate differential at which to refinance and, when that differential is reached, they need to take the steps to refinance before rates change again. The optimal differential is where the interest saved by refinancing equals the sum of refinancing costs and the option value of refinancing. Using a unique panel data set, we find that approximately 59% of borrowers refinance sub-optimally - with 52% of the sample making errors of commission (choosing the wrong rate), 17% making errors of omission (waiting too long to refinance), and 10% making both errors. Financially sophisticated borrowers make smaller mistakes, refinancing at rates closer to the optimal rate and waiting less after mortgage rates reach the borrowers' trigger rates. Evidence suggests borrowers learn from their refinancing experiences as they make smaller mistakes on their second refinancing than on their first one.
Securitization is a process that allows banks and other lenders to package loans and sell them as bonds called asset-backed securities (ABS), removing them from their balance sheets and immediately generating cash for new loans. ABS are an important component of the financing cycle for many types of loans to households and small businesses, including mortgages. In the fall of 2008, financial markets began experiencing disturbances as the effects of the U.S. subprime market meltdown spread. The ABS market froze decreasing the volume of new loans to households and small businesses. The Federal Reserve became very concerned about the potential for these circumstances to further weaken the U.S. economy and, as a result, implemented the Term Asset-backed Loan Facility (TALF) to jumpstart the market and mitigate the negative effects on the economy. In this case we discuss the design, usage of the TALF and its impact on the securitization markets during the crisis.
This book aims to explore if and how securitization changed financial intermediation and lending behaviour by reviewing the pre- and post-financial crisis theoretical and empirical literature. The book’s distinctive feature is bringing the growing post-crisis empirical evidence to the attention of a wider audience by critically appraising it against pre-crisis arguments. With its thought-provoking insights, this book is of particular interest for students, practitioners and academics.
A step-by-step guide to implementing and closing securitization transactions Securitization is still in wide use despite the reduction in transactions. The reality is that investors and institutions continue to use this vehicle for raising funds and the demand for their use will continue to rise as the world's capital needs increase. The Mechanics of Securitization specifically analyzes and describes the process by which a bank successfully implements and closes a securitization transaction in the post subprime era. This book begins with an introduction to asset-backed securities and takes you through the historical impact of these transactions including the implications of the recent credit crisis and how the market has changed. Discusses, in great detail, rating agency reviews, liaising with third parties, marketing the deals, and securing investors Reviews due diligence and cash flow analysis techniques Examines credit and cash considerations as well as how to list and close deals Describes the process by which a bank will structure and implement the deal, and how the process is project managed and tested across internal bank departments While securitization transactions have been taking place for over twenty-five years, there is still a lack of information on exactly how they are processed successfully. This book will put you in a better position to understand how it all happens, and show you how to effectively implement an ABS transaction yourself.