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Eutrophication of lakes due to increased loading of nutrients negatively affects water quality, warranting worldwide efforts to reduce the limiting nutrient in most lakes, phosphorus (P). Government regulations on excess nutrient loads entering the James River Arm (JRA) of Table Rock Lake, Missouri began in 2001 with upgrades at a major sewage treatment plant (STP). The present study aims to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of sediment P in the James River Basin by (1) quantifying present sediment-P concentrations in the basin, (2) describing the spatial patterns of sediment-P reduction, and (3) investigating the link between upstream sediment and P sources and JRA sediment-P response. Lake sedimentation zones are identified based on physical and chemical sediment characteristics and lake morphometry. Sediment-P concentrations are highest immediately downstream of the STP (620-1,190 ppm) and in the JRA (370-1,580 ppm) and are lower in the James River (170-640 ppm). Sediment-P concentrations in the JRA are strongly correlated to depth and Mn (r2 = 0.92). Sediment-P concentrations have decreased downstream of the STP since 2001, ranging from 14-58% in stream sediments, and 31-36% in the JRA. Lake sediment-P reductions are greatest in deeper areas of the JRA. Concentrations of A1 have decreased by 9-70% in the James River and Wilson's Creek, and have increased in the JRA by 9-34%, potentially reflecting the influence of STP treatment procedures or variable sediment sources on sediment geochemistry. Nonpoint P may have increased since 2001, warranting future attention.
A thorough analysis of public policy and the Clean Water Act'seffect on water quality in the U.S. Using water quality data and historical records from the past 60years, this book presents the measured impact of the 1972 CleanWater Act on domestic waterways-ecologically, politically, andeconomically. Municipal Wastewater Treatment supports thehypothesis that the Act's regulation of wastewater treatmentprocesses at publicly owned treatment works (POTW) and industrialfacilities has achieved significant success. The authors' case ispresented in: * Background information on the history of water pollution controland water quality management * Chapters addressing long-term trends in biochemical oxygen demandloadings from municipal wastewater plants and the "worst-case"dissolved oxygen levels in waterways downstream of point sourcesbefore and after the Clean Water Act * Nine case study assessments of long-term trends of pollutantloading water quality and environmental resources associated withPOTW discharges Using long-term trends in dissolved oxygen as the key indicator ofwater quality improvements, this book provides a detailedretrospective analysis of the effectiveness of the water pollutioncontrol policies and regulations of the 1972 Clean Water Act. Thesuccesses of the Act that have been achieved over the past 30 yearsare placed in the historical context of the "Great SanitaryAwakening" of the 19th century and changes in public policies forwater supply and water pollution control that have evolved duringthe 20th century to protect public health and the intrinsic valueof aquatic resources. Case study sites include the ConnecticutRiver, Hudson-Raritan Estuary, Delaware Estuary, Potomac Estuary,Upper Chattahoochee River, Ohio River, Upper Mississippi River, andWillamette River. Complete with end-of-chapter summaries and conclusions, MunicipalWastewater Treatment: Evaluating Improvements in National WaterQuality is an essential book for engineers, scientists, regulators,and consultants involved in water quality management and wastewatertreatment, as well as students of environmental engineering,environmental science, and public policy.