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This paper synthesizes the results and findings of four component studies under the resurgent irrigation development assessment: the technical and institutional assessments of national and communal irrigation systems, the water resource assessment and the governance components. This synthesis is structured according to the research questions posed to the component studies along the project cycle. The first two components provided technical and institutional evaluations of selected NIS and CIS systems from Luzon to Mindanao from project identification, to preparation, appraisal, and selection, to project implementation, operations maintenance, and monitoring and evaluation. The water resources component assessed the irrigation service areas as originally planned or designed compared to the actual service areas with respect to water availability, land use (including flood vulnerability) and status of irrigation facilities. The governance component discussed and analyzed the governance mechanisms for the irrigation sector and the irrigation project from planning to monitoring and evaluation.
The project aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the government's irrigation program with focus on the technical, physical, and institutional aspects of performance of communal irrigation systems (CIS). Cycle 1 involved the assessment of 66 communal irrigation systems (CIS) from 11 provinces in Luzon, while Cycle 2 covered 12 CIS from 4 provinces in the Visayas, and 12 CIS from 4 provinces in Mindanao. Provinces were selected based on the total FUSA served by CIS, while the selection of sample CIS per province were based on size category of service areas: small (50 ha and below), medium (between 50 and 100 ha), and large (above 100 ha). They were then characterized based on water source, type of extraction/ distribution technology (gravity, pump), FUSA, operational status and cropping intensity. Primary and secondary data were collected. Key informant interviews (KII) of the RIO or IMO Managers, as well as other key actors such as NIA-IDOs and the IA President, were conducted using a structured questionnaire. Focus group discussions with IA officers/ members were likewise carried out. Walkthroughs to gauge the physical conditions of the systems were conducted in 2 of the 6 selected CIS from the 11 provinces in Luzon for a total of 22, and in all the 24 CIS selected in Visayas and Mindanao. [...].
The project aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the government's irrigation program with focus on the technical, physical, and institutional aspects of performance of communal irrigation systems (CIS). Cycle 1 involved the assessment of 66 communal irrigation systems (CIS) from 11 provinces in Luzon, while Cycle 2 covered 12 CIS from 4 provinces in the Visayas, and 12 CIS from 4 provinces in Mindanao. Provinces were selected based on the total FUSA served by CIS, while the selection of sample CIS per province were based on size category of service areas: small (50 ha and below), medium (between 50 and 100 ha), and large (above 100 ha). They were then characterized based on water source, type of extraction/ distribution technology (gravity, pump), FUSA, operational status and cropping intensity. Primary and secondary data were collected. Key informant interviews (KII) of the RIO or IMO Managers, as well as other key actors such as NIA-IDOs and the IA President, were conducted using a structured questionnaire. Focus group discussions with IA officers/ members were likewise carried out. Walkthroughs to gauge the physical conditions of the systems were conducted in 2 of the 6 selected CIS from the 11 provinces in Luzon for a total of 22, and in all the 24 CIS selected in Visayas and Mindanao. [...].
This study is to assess the irrigation service areas of AMRIS and PDRIS benchmarked against design area water availability, land use (including flood vulnerability), and status of irrigation facilities, using resource assessment and watershed and irrigation modeling. Highlight of the findings are: irrigation area of NIA-AMRIS fell below design area due to urbanization, lowered height of Bustos Dam, complicated by competing use of water for hydropower. The PDRIS system has likewise only realized half of the target irrigation service area due to urbanization and flooding, as well as low diversion dam height of Cong Dadong Dam. The AMRIS irrigation canal network was thoroughly investigated through hydraulic modeling and simulation. There are areas within the system that may not at all be irrigated since most canals had reduced capacities due to sedimentation, rendering gravity flow inefficient. Thus, there is a need to develop effective canal maintenance scheme of the AMRIS and also to reassess the operation schemes for efficient canal operations. The following are major recommendations in this study. First is reassessment of the details of the operations should be done since the feasibility studies of these irrigation systems seem lacking in detailed technical assessment of performance of the irrigation systems with regard to reliability of water sources (in time and space). Second, periodic operational studies once the system is already built is practically never done but simply to make adjustments based on actual observations and experiences thus the need for periodic review and updating of operations schemes and strategies and preferably this is done every 3 years or as needed. It is important that periodic appraisal or assessment of the efficiency of irrigation water delivery operations as illustrated here through hydraulic model simulations should be conducted for proper maintenance and upgrade of irrigation facility as needed.
This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the government's irrigation program. It focuses on technical, physical, and institutional aspects of performance of both national (NIS) and communal irrigation systems (CIS), and selected case studies. The governance component describes and analyzes the governance mechanisms of the entire irrigation project cycle from planning to monitoring and evaluation. It draws on the findings from the other studies within this project, while focusing on governance, particularly higherlevel issues cutting across national and communal systems and also across the other water sector agencies. The project was done in two cycles. Cycle 1 conducted in 2015 covered the seven regions of Luzon. Respondents were National Irrigation Administration (NIA) officers from the 7 Regional Irrigation Offices (RIO) and 14 Irrigation Management Offices (IMO), in the following provinces: 1) Laguna; 2) Ilocos Norte; 3) Cagayan; 4) Isabela; 5) Nueva Vizcaya; 6) Benguet; 7) Pangasinan; 8) Nueva Ecija; 9) Pampanga; 10) Camarines Sur; and 11) Occidental Mindoro. The Cycle 2 covers NIS and CIS in eight (8) IMOs and 6 RIOs in the Visayas and Mindanao regions. The 8 selected Irrigation Management Offices (IMOs) visited for this study are in the following provinces: 1) Leyte; 2) Bohol; 3) Iloilo; 4) Capiz 5) North Cotabato; 6) South Cotabato; 7) Davao del Sur;; and 8) Bukidnon. Correspondingly, the 6 Regional Irrigation Offices (RIOs) are Regions 6,7,8,10,11and 12, where only four were visited. The CIS and NIS IA level governance data were gathered by the technical teams. Whenever possible, data from Cycle 1 gathered from Luzon were integrated in this report. [...].
A comprehensive assessment of irrigation investment should examine not just the benefits, but also make a systematic comparison of benefits with costs. This study has conducted this systematic comparison for investments undertaken in 2008-2016. Across various assessment frames, the findings converge around the following: Costs of irrigation investment are simply too large in comparison with expected benefits. None of the project worth indicators reach threshold levels: rather, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) tends to fall below unity; internal rate of return (IRR) estimates tend to fall below the hurdle rate of 10 percent; and net present value (NPV) estimates tend to fall below zero. A key limitation of our analysis is that it incorporates benefits only from incremental rice output. Rather than invalidating the government's irrigation planning and investment allocation, our benefit-cost analysis makes a case for: more skeptical treatment of irrigation area targeting; and stricter application of benefit-cost analysis, with emphasis on credible projections of both crop and non-crop benefits.