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There is much excitement in the design and verification community about assertion-based design. The question is, who should study assertion-based design? The emphatic answer is, both design and verification engineers. What may be unintuitive to many design engineers is that adding assertions to RTL code will actually reduce design time, while better documenting design intent. Every design engineer should read this book! Design engineers that add assertions to their design will not only reduce the time needed to complete a design, they will also reduce the number of interruptions from verification engineers to answer questions about design intent and to address verification suite mistakes. With design assertions in place, the majority of the interruptions from verification engineers will be related to actual design problems and the error feedback provided will be more useful to help identify design flaws. A design engineer who does not add assertions to the RTL code will spend more time with verification engineers explaining the design functionality and intended interface requirements, knowledge that is needed by the verification engineer to complete the job of testing the design.
The book comprehensively evaluates the characteristics and floodplain evolution of Val Roseg on an annual basis for several years. Channel typology, groundwater-surface water hydrology, thermal and chemical regimes are examined. Biotic dynamics of vegetation, aquatic flora, fungi, and surface and interstitial fauna are evaluated in detail. Analyses are presented of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of the functional processes of organic matter, litter decomposition, nutrient limitations, and drift and colonization. Emerging from these analyses is an important synthesis of these dynamic and rapidly changing river ecosystems.
SystemVerilog is a rich set of extensions to the IEEE 1364-2001 Verilog Hardware Description Language (Verilog HDL). These extensions address two major aspects of HDL based design. First, modeling very large designs with concise, accurate, and intuitive code. Second, writing high-level test programs to efficiently and effectively verify these large designs. This book, SystemVerilog for Design, addresses the first aspect of the SystemVerilog extensions to Verilog. Important modeling features are presented, such as two-state data types, enumerated types, user-defined types, structures, unions, and interfaces. Emphasis is placed on the proper usage of these enhancements for simulation and synthesis. A companion to this book, SystemVerilog for Verification, covers the second aspect of SystemVerilog.
This book is a comprehensive guide to assertion-based verification of hardware designs using System Verilog Assertions (SVA). It enables readers to minimize the cost of verification by using assertion-based techniques in simulation testing, coverage collection and formal analysis. The book provides detailed descriptions of all the language features of SVA, accompanied by step-by-step examples of how to employ them to construct powerful and reusable sets of properties. The book also shows how SVA fits into the broader System Verilog language, demonstrating the ways that assertions can interact with other System Verilog components. The reader new to hardware verification will benefit from general material describing the nature of design models and behaviors, how they are exercised, and the different roles that assertions play. This second edition covers the features introduced by the recent IEEE 1800-2012. System Verilog standard, explaining in detail the new and enhanced assertion constructs. The book makes SVA usable and accessible for hardware designers, verification engineers, formal verification specialists and EDA tool developers. With numerous exercises, ranging in depth and difficulty, the book is also suitable as a text for students.
Assertion-based design is a powerful new paradigm that is facilitating quality improvement in electronic design. Assertions are statements used to describe properties of the design (I.e., design intent), that can be included to actively check correctness throughout the design cycle and even the lifecycle of the product. With the appearance of two new languages, PSL and SVA, assertions have already started to improve verification quality and productivity. This is the first book that presents an “under-the-hood” view of generating assertion checkers, and as such provides a unique and consistent perspective on employing assertions in major areas, such as: specification, verification, debugging, on-line monitoring and design quality improvement.
This book provides a hands-on, application-oriented guide to the language and methodology of both SystemVerilog Assertions and SystemVerilog Functional Coverage. Readers will benefit from the step-by-step approach to functional hardware verification using SystemVerilog Assertions and Functional Coverage, which will enable them to uncover hidden and hard to find bugs, point directly to the source of the bug, provide for a clean and easy way to model complex timing checks and objectively answer the question ‘have we functionally verified everything’. Written by a professional end-user of ASIC/SoC/CPU and FPGA design and Verification, this book explains each concept with easy to understand examples, simulation logs and applications derived from real projects. Readers will be empowered to tackle the modeling of complex checkers for functional verification, thereby drastically reducing their time to design and debug. This updated second edition addresses the latest functional set released in IEEE-1800 (2012) LRM, including numerous additional operators and features. Additionally, many of the Concurrent Assertions/Operators explanations are enhanced, with the addition of more examples and figures. · Covers in its entirety the latest IEEE-1800 2012 LRM syntax and semantics; · Covers both SystemVerilog Assertions and SystemVerilog Functional Coverage language and methodologies; · Provides practical examples of the what, how and why of Assertion Based Verification and Functional Coverage methodologies; · Explains each concept in a step-by-step fashion and applies it to a practical real life example; · Includes 6 practical LABs that enable readers to put in practice the concepts explained in the book.
SystemVerilog language consists of three categories of features -- Design, Assertions and Testbench. Assertions add a whole new dimension to the ASIC verification process. Engineers are used to writing testbenches in verilog that help verify their design. Verilog is a procedural language and is very limited in capabilities to handle the complex ASICs built today. SystemVerilog assertions (SVA) is a declarative language. The temporal nature of the language provides excellent control over time and allows mulitple processes to execute simultaneously. This provides the engineers a very strong tool to solve their verification problems. The language is still new and the thinking is very different from the user's perspective when compared to standard verilog language. There is not enough expertise or intellectual property available as of today in the field. While the language has been defined very well, there is no practical guide that shows how to use the language to solve real verification problems. This book is a practical guide that will help people to understand this new language and adopt assertion based verification methodology quickly.
As alternatives formal verification techniques have been proposed. Instead of simulating a design the correctness is proven by formal techniques. There are different areas where these approaches can be used: equivalence checking, property checking or symbolic simulation. These methods have been successfully applied in many industrial projects and have become the state-of-the-art technique in several fields. However, the deployment of the existing tools in real-world projects also showed the weaknesses and problems of formal verification techniques. This gave motivating impulses for tool developers and researchers.
This book presents formal testplanning guidelines with examples focused on creating assertion-based verification IP. It demonstrates a systematic process for formal specification and formal testplanning, and also demonstrates effective use of assertions languages beyond the traditional language construct discussions Note that there many books published on assertion languages (such as SystemVerilog assertions and PSL). Yet, none of them discuss the important process of testplanning and using these languages to create verification IP. This is the first book published on this subject.