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Leading specialists on Cajun French and Louisiana Creole examine dialectology and sociolinguistics in this volume, the first comprehensive treatment of the linguistic situation of francophone Louisiana and its relation to the current development of French in North America outside of Quebec. Topics discussed include: language shift and code mixing speaker attitudes the role of schools and media in the maintenance of these languages and such language planning initiatives as the CODOFIL program to revive the sue of French in Louisiana. £/LIST£
Four hypotheses are addressed concerning the relationship of the types and proportion of strategies adopted by the subject groups to the proficiency levels, and the subjects' rate of success and effective use of communication strategies for conveying intended meaning as they relate to proficiency level in the target language. The subjects were 40 Persian students in Canada at two distinct proficiency levels, and 20 native English speakers as a comparison group. Communication skills were elicited by a concept-identification task using concrete and abstract nouns, and involving both oral production and interaction between members of the two groups. A taxonomy of communication strategies was developed, with classification into four communicative approaches (linguistic, contextual, conceptual, and mime) based on the type of knowledge used by the speaker for their adoption. Results also showed that differences between groups in the adoption of communication approach types were minimal except in the relative frequency of use of some strategies, and that the groups differed in success rate at getting meaning across and in their effective use of strategies to communicate abstract concepts. It is concluded that use of communications strategies and target language proficiency level are related, use of communication strategies is dynamic, and that differing surface realizations of speakers' communication skills cumulatively affect success in conveying meaning. (MSE)
An annotated bibliography of works concerning the second language classroom, and especially oral language instruction, has four sections. The first addresses general issues in second language instruction: its nature, the component parts, goals, and problems. The second part focuses on the classroom participants, teachers and learners, and the kinds of exchanges that occur in the classroom, group dynamics, the teacher's preparations, the teacher's role in classroom communication, correction of errors, and evaluation of oral expression. The third section contains items concerning the evolution or unfolding of the class from the point of view of theme and mood. The fourth section looks at pedagogical trends and the implications of their application. Annotations of works published in French are written in French; those of works published in English are written in English. (MSE).