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Aryadeva's Catuhsataka, along with the work of Nagarjuna, provided the philosophical basis for much of subsequent Mahayana Buddhism. Like Nagarjuna's Mulamadhyamakakarikas, it too was commented upon by Vijnanavada, or Idealist, thinkers as well as by those of the Madhyamaka, or Middle Way school. Thus the Catuhsataka was interpreted in very different, and yet philoslophically rich, fashioned by its sixth century commentators, Dharmapala and Candrakirti: the former saw it as only refuting ascriptions of imagined natures (parikalpitasvabhava) to phenomena while leaving real natures untouched; the latter interpreted Aryadeva's work as a thorough going rejection of all real intrinsic natures (svabhava) whatsoever. Tom Tillemans, in this reprint of his 1990 doctoral thesis, takes up the key themes in Dharmapala's and Candrakirti's philosophies and translates two chapters from their respective works on Catuhsataka. Both commentaries had a strong influence on subsequent Buddhism: Candrakirti's was important for Tibetan developments; Dharmapala's played a formative role in the increasingly marked differentiation between Vijnanavada and Madhyamaka philosophies.
“Appointed through family influence to the East India Company, Mountstuart Elphinstone (1779-1859) arrived on the subcontinent in 1796, quickly learning Persian and developing an interest in Indian civilisation. After postings in Benares, Afghanistan and Poona, he became governor in 1819 of the recently acquired territory that became known as the Bombay Presidency, where he remained until his resignation in 1827. On his return to England, he devoted much of his time to writing and was a founder member of the Royal Geographical Society. This two-volume history, based on a range of Indian sources and first published in 1841, is infused with his lifelong understanding of Indian culture, science and philosophy. A scholarly refutation of James Mill’s History, it was the most popular work of its kind among the early Victorian public. Volume 1 takes the history of the subcontinent up to the thirteenth century, while Volume 2 continues to the demise of the Mogul empire in the mid-eighteenth century.”- Cambridge Library Collection