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Army Techniques Publication ATP 3-34.81 MCWP 3-17.4 Engineer Reconnaissance MARCH 2016 United States Government US Army provides techniques for the performance of tactical and technical engineer reconnaissance in support of military activities that are conducted across the full range of military operations. This publication supports doctrine found in ADP 3-0, FM 3-34, ADRP 5-0, and ADRP 6-0. This publication supersedes FM 3-34.170/MCWP 3-17.4. The engineer contribution to operational success is highly desired by the commander. Demands for engineer reconnaissance support will often exceed capabilities. These capabilities are spread thin, and they compete with the commander's needs for other engineer applications. The same engineer elements and capabilities are often required for each of these areas. Resolution of these competing priorities is one of the goals of the planning process. The staff-running estimate is created during mission analysis, and the engineer staff planner identifies the specified and implied engineer tasks (more than M/CM/S) and their associated purposes
ATP 3-34.81 provides techniques for the performance of tactical and technical engineer reconnaissance in support of military activities that are conducted across the full range of military operations. This publication supports doctrine found in ADP 3-0, FM 3-34, ADRP 5-0, and ADRP 6-0. Although primarily oriented on the brigade combat team (BCT)/regimental combat team (RCT) based Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) and below, the principal audience for ATP 3-34.81 is all members of the profession of arms. Commanders and staffs of Army and Marine Corps headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army and Marine Corps will also use this publication. The three engineer disciplines are combat (with the capabilities and activities of mobility, countermobility, and survivability [M/CM/S]), general, and geospatial engineering. These disciplines include significant reconnaissance capabilities. The three engineer disciplines include extensive discussion on integrating the planning for, and conduct of, engineer reconnaissance support within the tactical operations of the combined arms team. This publication discusses the capability resident within combat engineer units to form and employ engineer reconnaissance teams (ERTs). It also describes the capability resident within general engineer elements to form and employ ERTs, augment combat engineer ERTs, or provide assessment and survey teams. Finally, geospatial engineering enables reconnaissance and may play a large role, especially during the planning process. Engineer reconnaissance, like chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) and other technical applications, is not a form of reconnaissance. Engineer reconnaissance is a focused application of special or unique capabilities supporting reconnaissance, and it is applicable to all forms of reconnaissance. The engineer disciplines provide reconnaissance capabilities that vary in linkages to warfighting functions, degrees of technical expertise, and effort applied to the assigned mission and tasks. Engineer reconnaissance is directly linked to geospatial intelligence because combat and general engineer units use technical measuring or survey devices to confirm, correct, or update the accuracy of available geospatial information. After analysis and comparison against other intelligence collections, this updated geospatial information becomes intelligence, which feeds the commander's decisionmaking process. Finally, this publication is written with the acknowledgement that the operational environment is more variable now. Engineers must be prepared to go into any operational environment and perform a full range of reconnaissance tasks in support of the maneuver commander while dealing with a wide range of threats and other influences. It builds on the collective knowledge and experience gained through nearly a dozen years of sustained military operations and exercises. It is rooted in time-tested principles and fundamentals, while accommodating new technologies and diverse threats to national security. This publication consists of five chapters and six appendixes that discuss the integration of engineer reconnaissance within the operational planning, execution, and assessment process that is presented in ADRP 5-0, ADRP 6-0, and MCWP 5-1.
Doctrine provides a military organization with unity of effort and a common philosophy, language, and purpose. This field manual provides doctrine for the application of engineer reconnaissance capabilities in support of the combined arms team conducting full spectrum operations. Engineer reconnaissance, like chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) and other technical applications, is not a form of reconnaissance (see chapter 3 for a discussion of the four forms of reconnaissance). Engineer reconnaissance is instead a focused application of special/unique capabilities supporting reconnaissance operations and is applicable over/pertinent to all four forms of reconnaissance. Field manual (FM) 3-34.170/Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP) 3-17.4 updates the FM that provides doctrinal guidance for engineer reconnaissance in support of full spectrum operations, including engineer reconnaissance in support of tactical operations as well as engineer technical reconnaissance support. This manual supersedes FM 5-170 and supports the doctrine found in FM 3-0, FM 3-34, and FM 6-0, and Field Manual Interim (FMI) 5-0.1. This manual will serve as a reference document for engineer commanders and staff, leaders, training developers, and doctrine developers throughout the Army and Marine Corps. It will also provide guidance to commanders for the employment of engineer reconnaissance capabilities in support of all operations. It is also the primary reference for engineer reconnaissance for Joint Publication (JP) 3-34. The target audience for this manual is focused at the brigade and below maneuver commander and supporting staff. This also includes nonorganic unit commanders and staffs that will support brigade and below maneuver organizations. Additionally, it is pertinent to other commanders and staffs at all echelons. This doctrine will assist branch schools in teaching the integration of engineer capabilities. Engineer involvement is a virtual certainty for nearly every military operation. FM 3-34.170 is intended to inform all Service components of the types of engineer reconnaissance tasks and the variety of capabilities available to perform them.
Army Techniques Publication ATP 3-34.40 MCWP 3-17.7 General Engineering provides doctrine for the conduct of GE support by the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps. It emphasizes the GE unity of effort by providing a common philosophy, language, and purpose. GE is a joint function and a U.S. Army discipline. This manual discusses how GE enables commanders to achieve their objectives in supporting joint and U.S. Army operations. This publication also introduces subordinate doctrine. This publication describes how engineer commanders, staffs, and subordinate leaders conduct GE to support Army and Marine forces within the framework of joint operations. Additional considerations for engineer operations in coalition operations are reviewed in Allied Joint Publication 3-12 Allied Joint Doctrine for Joint Engineering and Allied Tactical Publication -52 Edition B, Land Force Combat Engineer Doctrine. Chapter 1 discusses GE as a joint and U.S. Marine Corps engineer function and a U.S. Army engineer discipline. It introduces the new GE life cycle activities of planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, transfer, and closure that are used to frame the discussion in other chapters. It then discusses employment considerations for GE. Chapter 2 describes GE support across the range of military operations at theater, operational, and tactical levels. Chapter 3 provides an overview of GE planning and design that is discussed in detail within other chapters. Chapter 4 discusses construction and introduces multi-Service doctrine on project management and estimating. This chapter discusses methods of construction and construction material procurement and production. It adds the framework of construction techniques that are discussed in numerous subordinate technical manuals. Chapter 5 provides an overview of seaports. Seaports could be used for deployment and redeployment as a seaport of debarkation or as a seaport of embarkation. It includes a discussion on planning and design, construction, operation, maintenance, and logistics over-the-shore (LOTS) support. Chapter 6 provides an overview of airfields and heliports aligned with revised subordinate doctrine to include planning and design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Chapter 7 provides an overview of roads and railroads aligned with revised subordinate doctrine to include planning and design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Chapter 8 discusses an overview of bridging to include bridge types, planning and design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Chapter 9 merges discussion of base camps and bed-down facilities that includes support area facilities. It discusses a GE overview of base camps. It also includes base camp responsibilities, Service capabilities, planning and design, standards, site layout, and construction. Chapter 10 discusses real estate and provides an overview of real property maintenance that is covered in detail within the other chapters of this manual. It deletes the use of the term real property maintenance activities and only discusses real property maintenance. Chapter 11 discusses electrical power systems and design considerations for reliability, efficiency, and scalability. It also discusses the emerging requirements to store electricity and incorporate renewable sources of energy. It provides an overview of Service capabilities and electrical safety requirements. Chapter 12 discusses GE support to the sustainment/combat service support water functions of production and distribution. The chapter discusses well drilling and includes water production and distribution responsibilities, planning and design, Service capabilities, employment, and operations. It expands discussion on water distribution within facilities as a plumbing task. The GE doctrine provided in this manual presents an overview of a wide range of topics and allows the reader to understand how the topics fit together.
Biodiversity in Drylands, the first internationally based synthesis volume in the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network Series, unifies the concepts of species and landscape diversity with respect to deserts. Within this framework, the book treats several emerging themes, among them: · how animal biodiversity can be supported in deserts · diversity's relation to habitat structure, environmental variability, and species interactions · the relation between spatial scale and diversity · how to use a landscape simulation model to understand diversity · microbial contributions to biodiversity in deserts · species diversity and ecosystem processes · resource partitioning and biodiversity in fractal environments · effects of grazing on biodiversity · reconciliation ecology and the future of conservation management In the face of global change, integration is crucial for dealing with the problem of sustaining biodiversity. This book promises to be a vital resource for students, researchers, and managers interested in integrative species, resource, and landscape diversities.
This United States Army field manual, Army Techniques Publication ATP 3-34.22 Engineer Operations - Brigade Combat Team and Below April 2021, provides a doctrinal foundation for the conduct of engineer operations in support of unified land operations, focused on tactical maneuvers at the brigade combat team (BCT) level and below. The engineer organizations organic to the BCT are optimized to perform combat engineering tasks (primarily mobility with limited capabilities in countermobility and survivability), with geospatial engineering teamsproviding organic capability. Additional engineering support (combat and general) comes from engineer organizations that are task-organized to the BCT or that provide support from echelons above brigade (EAB) organizations. This manual is aligned with current BCT doctrine (see FM 3-96) and describes engineer support for the armored brigade combat team (ABCT), infantry brigade combat team (IBCT), and Stryker brigade combat team (SBCT). Although the security force assistance BCT and its respective engineer battalions are not addressed in detail, the basic principles of this manual also apply to those organizations. The principal audience for ATP 3-34.22 consists of commanders, officers, noncommissioned officers (NCOs), and staff at the BCT level and below as well as EAB units that support BCTs. ATP 3-34.22 is a primary manual for instructional purposes within the United States Army Engineer School and assists other Army branch schools in teaching the integration of engineer capabilities into Army operations. ATP 3-34.22 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States and United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.
This manual, Army Techniques Publication ATP 3-34.22 ENGINEER OPERATIONS-BRIGADE COMBAT TEAM AND BELOW December 2014, provides a doctrinal foundation for the conduct of engineer operations in support of unified land operations that are focused on tactical maneuvers at the brigade combat team (BCT) level and below. The engineer support doctrine for the BCT is focused on tactical-level maneuvers. The engineer organizations that are organic to the BCT are optimized to perform combat engineering tasks (primarily mobility with limited capabilities in countermobility and survivability). Geospatial engineering support is provided by organic terrain teams. Additional engineering support (combat and general) comes from engineer organizations that are task-organized to the BCT or that provide support from echelons above brigade (EAB) organizations. This manual is aligned with current BCT doctrine and describes engineer support for the armored BCT, infantry BCT, and Stryker BCT. (See FM 3-90.6.) Although the armored cavalry regiment and engineer company are not specifically addressed, the basic principles of this manual also apply to those organizations.
This publication, Army Techniques Publication ATP 3-34.23 Engineer Operations - Echelons Above Brigade Combat Team June 2015, describes engineer operations at echelons above brigade (EAB) combat team level. It is the doctrinal manual for engineer support to division, corps, and theater Army echelons. This manual is an extension of FM 3-34 and is linked to joint and Army doctrine to ensure that it is useful for operational commanders and staffs. This manual serves as a guide for the application of engineer combat power and the employment of engineer forces in support of decisive action primarily at higher echelons and within a joint framework. The principal audience for ATP 3-34.23 is engineer commanders and trainers at higher echelons. This manual forms the foundation for the engineer curriculum contained in the engineer portions of the Army Education System. The information contained in this manual will assist multinational forces and other Services and branches of the Army in planning and integrating engineer capabilities. This manual will also assist Army branch schools in teaching the integration of engineer capabilities into Army and joint operations. This manual describes the engineer operations integrated through the warfighting functions in a combined arms application of combat power. It describes the engineer capabilities available to commanders and provides information for force-tailoring these capabilities at higher echelons to ensure synchronization throughout the operations process and across the range of military operations. It discusses the foundation of engineer operations to ensure integration at each echelon and develops considerations for engineer operations within the operations process, tailored organization, range of military operations, and headquarters configuration unique to the division, corps, and theater Army echelons. This manual emphasizes the simultaneous combination of offensive, defensive, and stability or defense support of civil authorities (DSCA) tasks. It describes engineer support to Army forces conducting decisive action within the framework of joint operations. It also addresses the engineer roles and functions with unified action partners (potentially under multinational or interagency leadership) and within diverse command relationships. The manual is organized into 5 chapters and 3 appendixes that provide additional details on selected operational topics. A brief description of each chapter is below: Chapter 1 describes the engineer view of the operational environment as it pertains to operations at EAB combat team. It describes the forces and capabilities available (including unified action partners) and addresses the tailoring of engineer force pool capabilities in support of engineer operations. Chapter 2 lays the foundation for engineer operations at EAB. It focuses on integration at each echelon and throughout the operations process. It discusses the engineer staff by echelon, capabilities within the engineer disciplines, and synchronized application of these capabilities through the warfighting functions. Chapter 3 describes engineer operations at the theater echelon. It discusses integration into the theater Army design methods, force-tailoring considerations at the theater echelon, and engineer support in each of the operational configurations described for a theater Army headquarters. Chapter 4 describes engineer operations at the corps echelon. It discusses integration into the corps operations processes, force-tailoring considerations, decisive action at the corps echelon, and engineer support in each of the operational configurations described for a corps headquarters. Chapter 5 describes engineer operations at the division echelon. It discusses integration into division operations processes, force-tailoring considerations, decisive action at the division echelon, and engineer support in each of the operational configurations described for a division headquarters.
This Army and Marine Corps multiservice publication serves as doctrinal reference for the employment of mortar squads, sections, and platoons. It contains guidance on tactics and techniques that mortar units use to execute their part of combat operations described in battalion-, squadron-, troop-, and company-level manuals. This publication also contains guidance on how a mortar unit's fires and displacement are best planned and employed to sustain a commander's intent for fire support. The target audience of this publication includes mortar squad, section, and platoon leaders, company and battalion commanders, battalion staff officers, and all others responsible for controlling and coordinating fire support during combined arms operations. Training developers also use this manual as a source document for combat critical tasks. Combat developers use this manual when refining and revising operational concepts for Infantry and reconnaissance mortar organizations. This publication serves as the primary reference for both resident and nonresident mortar tactical employment instruction. This publication is not intended to be used alone. It is part of a set of doctrinal and training publications that together provide the depth and detail necessary to train and employ mortar units. Users must be familiar with appropriate company- and battalion-level maneuver manuals as well as mortar-related drills and collective tasks. When employing mortars, Army and Marine Corps units use similar tactics and techniques. However, the differences are few at the battalion command level and below. Differences between the services' terms and definitions are more apparent when introducing or discussing general subjects, such as warfighting functions, tactical operations, and unit organizations. Detailed explanations of these differences are beyond the scope of this manual. They are, however, identified where appropriate and different terms are combined when possible. For example, sustainment/logistics is used to identify the Army's sustainment and the Marine Corps' logistic functions. Readers should refer to their own service's manuals for more detailed explanations. Some common Army and Marine Corps terms have slightly different acronyms and, where needed, have been combined. For example, this manual uses FIST/FiST to represent a fire support team when addressing both services. Wherever possible, the use of acronyms has been minimized in this manual. This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), United States Army Reserve (USAR), Marine Corps, and Marine Corps Reserve unless otherwise stated. The proponent of this publication is the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). The preparing agency is the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence (MCoE).
Army Techniques and Procedures (ATP) 3-20.98 provides the techniques for employment of reconnaissance platoons of the reconnaissance squadrons in the Armored brigade combat team (ABCT), Infantry brigade combat team (IBCT), Stryker brigade combat team (SBCT), and battlefield surveillance brigade (BFSB). This manual also applies to the reconnaissance platoons of the combined arms battalion (CAB), Stryker Infantry battalion, and the Infantry battalion of the IBCT, and provides techniques for the employment of the reconnaissance platoons throughout the range of military operations. This ATP provides doctrinal guidance for commanders, staff, and leaders who are responsible for planning, preparing, executing, and assessing operations of the reconnaissance platoons. It also serves as an authoritative reference for personnel developing materiel and force structure, institutional and unit training, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for reconnaissance platoon organizations. These doctrinal techniques are to be used as a guide and are not to be considered prescriptive. This manual outlines the framework in which the five types of reconnaissance platoons operate: by themselves, or as part of the troop or combined arms organization. It also includes discussions of doctrine that apply to each specific type of platoon. This ATP is directed toward the reconnaissance platoon leader, platoon sergeant, section sergeant, team leaders, subordinate leaders, and all supporting units. This ATP applies to the Active Army, the United States Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) unless otherwise stated. The proponent for this publication is the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). The preparing agency is the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence (MCoE).