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This publication, Army Techniques Publication ATP 3-34.23 Engineer Operations - Echelons Above Brigade Combat Team June 2015, describes engineer operations at echelons above brigade (EAB) combat team level. It is the doctrinal manual for engineer support to division, corps, and theater Army echelons. This manual is an extension of FM 3-34 and is linked to joint and Army doctrine to ensure that it is useful for operational commanders and staffs. This manual serves as a guide for the application of engineer combat power and the employment of engineer forces in support of decisive action primarily at higher echelons and within a joint framework. The principal audience for ATP 3-34.23 is engineer commanders and trainers at higher echelons. This manual forms the foundation for the engineer curriculum contained in the engineer portions of the Army Education System. The information contained in this manual will assist multinational forces and other Services and branches of the Army in planning and integrating engineer capabilities. This manual will also assist Army branch schools in teaching the integration of engineer capabilities into Army and joint operations. This manual describes the engineer operations integrated through the warfighting functions in a combined arms application of combat power. It describes the engineer capabilities available to commanders and provides information for force-tailoring these capabilities at higher echelons to ensure synchronization throughout the operations process and across the range of military operations. It discusses the foundation of engineer operations to ensure integration at each echelon and develops considerations for engineer operations within the operations process, tailored organization, range of military operations, and headquarters configuration unique to the division, corps, and theater Army echelons. This manual emphasizes the simultaneous combination of offensive, defensive, and stability or defense support of civil authorities (DSCA) tasks. It describes engineer support to Army forces conducting decisive action within the framework of joint operations. It also addresses the engineer roles and functions with unified action partners (potentially under multinational or interagency leadership) and within diverse command relationships. The manual is organized into 5 chapters and 3 appendixes that provide additional details on selected operational topics. A brief description of each chapter is below: Chapter 1 describes the engineer view of the operational environment as it pertains to operations at EAB combat team. It describes the forces and capabilities available (including unified action partners) and addresses the tailoring of engineer force pool capabilities in support of engineer operations. Chapter 2 lays the foundation for engineer operations at EAB. It focuses on integration at each echelon and throughout the operations process. It discusses the engineer staff by echelon, capabilities within the engineer disciplines, and synchronized application of these capabilities through the warfighting functions. Chapter 3 describes engineer operations at the theater echelon. It discusses integration into the theater Army design methods, force-tailoring considerations at the theater echelon, and engineer support in each of the operational configurations described for a theater Army headquarters. Chapter 4 describes engineer operations at the corps echelon. It discusses integration into the corps operations processes, force-tailoring considerations, decisive action at the corps echelon, and engineer support in each of the operational configurations described for a corps headquarters. Chapter 5 describes engineer operations at the division echelon. It discusses integration into division operations processes, force-tailoring considerations, decisive action at the division echelon, and engineer support in each of the operational configurations described for a division headquarters.
Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (ATTP) 3-34.23, “Engineer Operations – Echelons Above Brigade Combat Team,” describes engineer operations at echelons above brigade (EAB) combat team level. It is the engineer doctrinal manual for engineer support to division, corps, and theater army echelons. The manual is an extension of Field Manual (FM) 3-34, and is linked to joint and Army doctrine to ensure its usefulness for operational-level commanders and staff. This manual serves as a guide for the application of engineer combat power and employment of engineer forces in support of full spectrum operations primarily at higher echelons and within a joint framework. ATTP 3-34.23 consolidates doctrine previously published in three separate manuals: FM 5-71-100, FM 5-100-15, and FM 5-116. The consolidated doctrine has been updated and revised to align with revisions to FM 3-34 and other Army and joint doctrine. ATTP 3-34.23 provides operational guidance for engineer commanders and trainers at all higher echelons and forms the foundation for established curriculum within the engineer portions of the Army's education system. Information contained in this manual will assist multinational forces and other Services and branches of the Army to plan and integrate engineer capabilities. This doctrine also will assist Army branch schools in teaching the integration of engineer capabilities into Army and joint operations.
This United States Army field manual, Army Techniques Publication ATP 3-34.22 Engineer Operations - Brigade Combat Team and Below April 2021, provides a doctrinal foundation for the conduct of engineer operations in support of unified land operations, focused on tactical maneuvers at the brigade combat team (BCT) level and below. The engineer organizations organic to the BCT are optimized to perform combat engineering tasks (primarily mobility with limited capabilities in countermobility and survivability), with geospatial engineering teamsproviding organic capability. Additional engineering support (combat and general) comes from engineer organizations that are task-organized to the BCT or that provide support from echelons above brigade (EAB) organizations. This manual is aligned with current BCT doctrine (see FM 3-96) and describes engineer support for the armored brigade combat team (ABCT), infantry brigade combat team (IBCT), and Stryker brigade combat team (SBCT). Although the security force assistance BCT and its respective engineer battalions are not addressed in detail, the basic principles of this manual also apply to those organizations. The principal audience for ATP 3-34.22 consists of commanders, officers, noncommissioned officers (NCOs), and staff at the BCT level and below as well as EAB units that support BCTs. ATP 3-34.22 is a primary manual for instructional purposes within the United States Army Engineer School and assists other Army branch schools in teaching the integration of engineer capabilities into Army operations. ATP 3-34.22 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States and United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.
Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (ATTP) 3-34.23 describes engineer operations at echelons above brigade (EAB) combat team level. It is the engineer doctrinal manual for engineer support to division, corps, and theater army echelons. The manual is an extension of Field Manual (FM) 3-34, and is linked to joint and Army doctrine to ensure its usefulness for operational-level commanders and staff. This manual serves as a guide for the application of engineer combat power and employment of engineer forces in support of full spectrum operations primarily at higher echelons and within a joint framework.ATTP 3-34.23 consolidates doctrine previously published in three separate manuals: FM 5-71-100, FM 5-100-15, and FM 5-116. The consolidated doctrine has been updated and revised to align with revisions to FM 3-34 and other Army and joint doctrine. This revision has been driven by major changes to Army and joint doctrine, including: -- Revision of our Army's capstone manual, FM 3-0.-- Revision of Joint Publication (JP) 3-34.-- Revision of the engineer keystone manual FM 3-34.-- Lessons learned from experience fighting the war on terrorism.-- Conversion of the Army to a brigade combat team (BCT)-based, modular force that is joint andexpeditionary.-- Organization of the Engineer Regiment as the modular engineer force.-- Change from maintaining readiness within the "band of excellence" to achieving readiness through the force pool progression dictated by Army forces generation model.
Doctrine provides a military organization with unity of effort and a common philosophy, language, and purpose. This manual, "Theater Army Operations" (FM3-93), discusses the organization and operations of the theater army headquarters, including its role as the Army Service component command (ASCC) to the geographic combatant commander (GCC) and the relationships between the theater army headquarters and the theater enabling commands. The manual also discusses theater army responsibilities for setting the theater, Title 10 functions and responsibilities, generally referred to as the combatant commander's daily operations requirements, as well as the operational employment of the theater army's contingency command post (CCP) to directly mission command limited types of operations.
This manual, Army Techniques Publication ATP 3-34.22 ENGINEER OPERATIONS-BRIGADE COMBAT TEAM AND BELOW December 2014, provides a doctrinal foundation for the conduct of engineer operations in support of unified land operations that are focused on tactical maneuvers at the brigade combat team (BCT) level and below. The engineer support doctrine for the BCT is focused on tactical-level maneuvers. The engineer organizations that are organic to the BCT are optimized to perform combat engineering tasks (primarily mobility with limited capabilities in countermobility and survivability). Geospatial engineering support is provided by organic terrain teams. Additional engineering support (combat and general) comes from engineer organizations that are task-organized to the BCT or that provide support from echelons above brigade (EAB) organizations. This manual is aligned with current BCT doctrine and describes engineer support for the armored BCT, infantry BCT, and Stryker BCT. (See FM 3-90.6.) Although the armored cavalry regiment and engineer company are not specifically addressed, the basic principles of this manual also apply to those organizations.
Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (ATTP) 3-34.23 describes engineer operations at echelons above brigade (EAB) combat team level. It is the engineer doctrinal manual for engineer support to division, corps, and theater army echelons. The manual is an extension of Field Manual (FM) 3-34, and is linked to joint and Army doctrine to ensure its usefulness for operational-level commanders and staff. This manual serves as a guide for the application of engineer combat power and employment of engineer forces in support of full spectrum operations primarily at higher echelons and within a joint framework.ATTP 3-34.23 consolidates doctrine previously published in three separate manuals: FM 5-71-100, FM 5-100-15, and FM 5-116. The consolidated doctrine has been updated and revised to align with revisions to FM 3-34 and other Army and joint doctrine. The manual is organized into seven chapters plus numerous appendixes to provide additional details on selected operational topics. The first three chapters follow the flow of FM 3-34 and generally describe engineer operations at higher echelons. The next three chapters focus on operations at each of the higher echelons and operational configurations. The final chapter discusses sustainment support to the engineer forces operating at these echelons. A brief description of each of the chapters is provided below:* Chapter 1 describes the engineer view of the operational environment (OE) as it pertains to operations at echelons above BCT. It discusses the challenges and opportunities that translate to requirements for engineer capabilities and combat power. It describes the forces and capabilities available including joint, interagency, and multinational forces. It concludes with a discussion of categorizing capabilities within the engineer functions and synchronizing their application through the warfighting functions.* Chapter 2 discusses implications of the modular force organization for operations at higher echelons. It includes a discussion of the modular engineer force implications and the implications of the modular force headquarters at each higher echelon. It also addresses tailoring engineer force pool capabilities in support of engineer operations.* Chapter 3 lays the foundations for engineer operations at EAB. It focuses on integration at each echelon and throughout the entire operations process. It includes a discussion of the engineer coordinator (ENCOORD). It also describes command and support relationships as the critical linkage for engineer integration throughout the force.* Chapter 4 describes engineer operations at the theater echelon. It includes a discussion on integration in theater operational design, force-tailoring considerations, and operational themes at this echelon. It also includes a focused discussion on engineer support in each of the operational configurations described for a theater army headquarters.* Chapter 5 describes engineer operations at the corps echelon. It includes a discussion on integration in corps operations processes, force-tailoring considerations, and full spectrum operations at this echelon. It also includes a focused discussion on engineer support in each of the operational configurations described for a corps headquarters.* Chapter 6 describes engineer operations at the division echelon. It includes a discussion on integration in division operations processes, force-tailoring considerations, and full spectrum operations at this echelon. It also includes a focused discussion on engineer support in each of the operational configurations described for a division headquarters.* Chapter 7 discusses sustainment of engineer capabilities. Successful engineer operations include effective incorporation of sustainment support. This chapter describes the integrated sustainment effort required to support engineer operations.
This manual provides engineer doctrine for operating at the BCT level and below and within the framework of unified land operations. The engineer support doctrine for the BCT is focused on tactical-level maneuvers. The engineer organizations that are organic to the BCT are optimized to perform combat engineering tasks (primarily mobility with limited capabilities in countermobility and survivability). Geospatial engineering support is provided by organic terrain teams. Additional engineering support (combat and general) comes from engineer organizations that are task-organized to the BCT or that provide support from echelons above brigade (EAB) organizations. This manual is aligned with current BCT doctrine and describes engineer support for the armored BCT, infantry BCT, and Stryker BCT. Although the armored cavalry regiment and engineer company are not specifically addressed, the basic principles of this manual also apply to those organizations. This manual also provides greater detail for commanders and staffs at brigade echelons and below to ensure the synchronization of engineer capabilities across the range of military operations. Many of the tactical tasks associated with combat and general engineering support have remained constant although current and proposed future operational environments have dramatically shifted with the emergence of new threats (such as improvised explosive devices [IEDs]) and an increased emphasis on stability operations. Another significant change involves Army reorganization and restructuring of the force and the effects that they have on doctrine and operations. Changes that directly affect this manual include the-Restructure of engineer organizations within each of the three types of BCTs and within the armored cavalry regiment; Likelihood that the operations conducted will be with unified action partners. (The primary focus of joint engineer operations is to achieve the commander's intent by coordinating engineer support throughout the joint area of operations.); Alignment of engineer doctrine that supports BCTs; Consequential changes in the basic Army organizational structure and equipment of engineer organizations.
Over the past two decades, Southern African countries have entrenched the use of elections as the only means and medium for electing governments and representative institutions in governance. Electoral Management Bodies (EMBs) are central to the delivery and quality of elections. These institutions are mandated to manage most or all aspects of the electoral process. Informed by diverse factors - the design, mandate, extent of powers and even the number of institutions responsible for electoral matters vary in each country. This study is a collaborative effort between the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA), the Open Society Foundation's Africa Regional Office (AfRO) and the Electoral Commissions Forum of the Southern African Development Community (ECF-SADC). For each of the 12 countries, the research covered: Comparative analysis of the legal frameworks the EMBs operate under and of the historical and political contexts they function within; Comparative study of the institutional nature of the EMBs; Assessment of the powers vested in the EMBs in the conduct and management of electoral processes and their role in the drafting of electoral laws, managing electoral operations, certifying and proclaiming electoral results, ensuring that electoral results are credible, and in resolving electoral conflicts; and Comparative assessment of the independence of the EMBs with particular reference to funding and their relationships with the executive, political parties, parliament and the judiciary (electoral justice mechanisms). Findings and recommendations from this pan-African initiative are expected to increase information and knowledge on the strengths, weaknesses and workings of EMBs in sub-Saharan Africa to facilitate peer learning among African election managers, as well as informing policy-makers, legislators, governments and civil society on a progressive reform agenda to strengthen inclusive electoral processes and democratic practice.