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This new effort was triggered by the introduction of a new chip for the 40th anniversary of the x86 architecture. Who would have thought the architecture would remain commercially viable at the time? This gives us a unique opportunity to see how Moore's law has held up over time, and to compare and contrast the 40-year old part with the current one, to understand where we are coming from, and heading to. I removed a lot of the material from the original on the basics, including the number systems, data structures, I/O methods, etc. These are generic, and can be found in many Introduction to Computer Science texts. I have added details on the 40th anniversary chip, did a compare and contrast with the original 8086, and included some material on AMD's rival x86-architecture chips.
This book is an introduction to computer architecture hardware and software, presented in the context of the Intel x86 family. The x86 describes not only a line of microprocessor chips dating back to 1978, but also an instruction set architecture (ISA) that the chips implement. The chip families were built by Intel and other manufacturers, and execute the same instructions, but in different manners. The results are the same, arithmetically and logically, but may differ in their timing. This book covers the Intel ISA-16 and ISA-32 architectures from the 8086/8088 to the Pentium, including the math coprocessors. A chart of ISA processors is included.
This book is an introduction to computer architecture, hardware and software, presented in the context of the Intel x86 family. The x86 describes not only a line of microprocessor chips dating back to 1978, but also an instruction set architecture (ISA) that the chips implement. The chip families were built by Intel and other manufacturers, and execute the same instructions, but in different manners. The results are the same, arithmetically and logically, but may differ in their timing. Why the focus on the Intel x86? It was the basis of the IBM personal computer (PC) family and its spin-offs. It has transitioned from a 16 to a 32 to a 64-bit architecture, keeping compatibility for more than 30 years. It's an de-facto industry standard that has withstood the test of time. This book covers the Intel ISA-16 and ISA-32 architectures from the 8086/8088 to the Pentium, including the math coprocessors. A chart of ISA processors is included. The purpose of this book is to provide the basic background information for an understanding of the 80x86 family, the IBM Personal Computer (pc), and programming in assembly language as an introduction to the broader field of Computer Architecture. It will stress the pervasiveness of this pc-based technology in everyday things and events. It will provide an introduction to Software System Engineering and the Design for Debugging methodology. This book is a spin-off of a course in Computer Architecture/System Integration, taught in the graduate Engineering Science Program at Loyola College (now, Loyola University in Maryland). If we learn to program in the language c, for example, we can take our skills to any computer with a set of c-based tools. If we learn IA-32 assembly language, we have to relearn a language if we switch to a different architecture. So, why do we learn assembly language? Because it gives us insight into the underlying hardware, how it is organized, and how it operates. This book is dedicated to the graduate students in Engineering Science at Loyola College, Columbia Campus, who took the course EG-611, "System Integration I, the x86 Architecture and Assembly Language." The course was given to hundreds of students over a span of 15 years by myself and others. An Extensive bibliography is provided. Table of Contents Introduction Definitions Technological & Economic Impact Limitations of the technology Number Systems Computer Instruction Set Architecture Prefixes Position notation Infinities, overflows, and underflows Hexadecimal numbers Elementary Math operations Base conversion Logical operations on data Math in terms of logic functions Negative numbers Data structures Integers BCD Format ASCII Format Parity Lists Hardware Elements of a Computer The Central Processing Unit The fetch/execute cycle X86 Processor family Input/Output I/O Methods Polled I/O Interrupt DMA Serial versus parallel Memory Memory organization and addressing Caches Memory Management Software Elements of a Computer Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) of the 80x86 Family Programmers model of the x86 Assembly Language The compilation process Operating system: what it is; what it does The Intel x86 instruction set Stack Protocols Basic Math Operations Logical operations BCD Operations 64 Operations on STRINGS of data Shifts/rotates Multiply Divide Faster Math Interrupt architecture Pseudo operations Labels Addressing modes on the 8086 Effective Address Calculation Memory Segments Code addressing modes Data Addressing Modes Program Flow Subroutines Macro Modular design X86 Boot sequence The 8086 reset The BIOS ROM CPUid instruction Load
Assembly Language for x86 Processors, 6/e is ideal for undergraduate courses in assembly language programming and introductory courses in computer systems and computer architecture. Written specifically for the Intel/Windows/DOS platform, this complete and fully updated study of assembly language teaches students to write and debug programs at the machine level. Based on the Intel processor family, the text simplifies and demystifies concepts that students need to grasp before they can go on to more advanced computer architecture and operating systems courses. Students put theory into practice through writing software at the machine level, creating a memorable experience that gives them the confidence to work in any OS/machine-oriented environment. Proficiency in one other programming language, preferably Java, C, or C++, is recommended.
This book covers assembly language programming for the x86 family of microprocessors. The objective is to teach how to program in x86 assembly, as well as the history and basic architecture of x86 processor family. When referring to x86 we address the complete range of x86-based processors but keep in mind that x86-32 Assembly is commonly referred to as IA-32 (Intel Architecture, 32-bit) Assembly, a 32-bit extension of the original Intel x86 processor architecture. IA-32 has full backwards compatibility (16-bit). AMD64 or AMD 64-bit extension is called x86-64 and is backwards compatible with 32-bit code without performance loss. Intel 64 previously named IA-32e or EM64T is almost identical to x86-64. Throughout the book these terms may be used interchangeably when appropriate. A special notice will be given if covering 16-bit, 32-bit or 64-bits architectures and on any limitations so to limit confusion.
Gain the fundamentals of x86 64-bit assembly language programming and focus on the updated aspects of the x86 instruction set that are most relevant to application software development. This book covers topics including x86 64-bit programming and Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) programming. The focus in this second edition is exclusively on 64-bit base programming architecture and AVX programming. Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming’s structure and sample code are designed to help you quickly understand x86 assembly language programming and the computational capabilities of the x86 platform. After reading and using this book, you’ll be able to code performance-enhancing functions and algorithms using x86 64-bit assembly language and the AVX, AVX2 and AVX-512 instruction set extensions. What You Will Learn Discover details of the x86 64-bit platform including its core architecture, data types, registers, memory addressing modes, and the basic instruction set Use the x86 64-bit instruction set to create performance-enhancing functions that are callable from a high-level language (C++) Employ x86 64-bit assembly language to efficiently manipulate common data types and programming constructs including integers, text strings, arrays, and structures Use the AVX instruction set to perform scalar floating-point arithmetic Exploit the AVX, AVX2, and AVX-512 instruction sets to significantly accelerate the performance of computationally-intense algorithms in problem domains such as image processing, computer graphics, mathematics, and statistics Apply various coding strategies and techniques to optimally exploit the x86 64-bit, AVX, AVX2, and AVX-512 instruction sets for maximum possible performance Who This Book Is For Software developers who want to learn how to write code using x86 64-bit assembly language. It’s also ideal for software developers who already have a basic understanding of x86 32-bit or 64-bit assembly language programming and are interested in learning how to exploit the SIMD capabilities of AVX, AVX2 and AVX-512.
Assembly Language for x86 Processors, 7e is suitable for undergraduate courses in assembly language programming and introductory courses in computer systems and computer architecture. Proficiency in one other programming language, preferably Java, C, or C++, is recommended. Written specifically for 32- and 64-bit Intel/Windows platform, this complete and fully updated study of assembly language teaches students to write and debug programs at the machine level. This text simplifies and demystifies concepts that students need to grasp before they can go on to more advanced computer architecture and operating systems courses. Students put theory into practice through writing software at the machine level, creating a memorable experience that gives them the confidence to work in any OS/machine-oriented environment. The full text downloaded to your computer With eBooks you can: search for key concepts, words and phrases make highlights and notes as you study share your notes with friends eBooks are downloaded to your computer and accessible either offline through the Bookshelf (available as a free download), available online and also via the iPad and Android apps. Upon purchase, you'll gain instant access to this eBook. Time limit The eBooks products do not have an expiry date. You will continue to access your digital ebook products whilst you have your Bookshelf installed.
Ideal for undergraduate courses in computer organization, assembly language programming, and computer architecture, An Assembly Language Introduction to Computer Architecture: Using the Intel Pentium introduces students to the fundamentals of computer architecture from a programmer's perspective by teaching them assembly language, the interface between hardware and software. Designed for students in computer science and engineering who have taken one high-level language programming course, it uses a top-down approach, introducing an abstract (registerless) assembly language first. This approach enables students to build on previous knowledge and allows them to write programs from the beginning of the course. Topics covered include basic computer organization, data representation, data structures, the assembly process, exception handling, and more. Examples are developed using the very popular Intel Pentium architecture; however, the concepts covered are valid with any system. This accessible text is supplemented with a helpful website (http: //www.cs.wisc.edu/ smoler/x86text.html) that contains macros to use with programming tools, lecture notes to accompany the text, sample programs, and other useful items.
Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming shows the fundamentals of x86 assembly language programming. It focuses on the aspects of the x86 instruction set that are most relevant to application software development. The book's structure and sample code are designed to help the reader quickly understand x86 assembly language programming and the computational capabilities of the x86 platform. Book appendixes can be downloaded here: http://www.apress.com/9781484200650?gtmf=s Major topics of the book include the following: 32-bit core architecture, data types, internal registers, memory addressing modes, and the basic instruction set X87 core architecture, register stack, special purpose registers, floating-point encodings, and instruction set MMX technology and instruction set Streaming SIMD extensions (SSE) and Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) including internal registers, packed integer arithmetic, packed and scalar floating-point arithmetic, and associated instruction sets 64-bit core architecture, data types, internal registers, memory addressing modes, and the basic instruction set 64-bit extensions to SSE and AVX technologies X86 assembly language optimization strategies and techniques