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This is a history of the personalities and single-minded devotion of four Nobel laureates who played a pivotal role in the creation of a new and prevalent branch of biology. This led to major medical advances in one of the greatest centres of scientific research: the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, which they helped to establish.
Architects of Structural Biology is an amalgam of memoirs, biography, and intellectual history of the personalities and single-minded devotion of four scientists who are among the greatest in modern times. These three chemists and one physicist, all Nobel laureates, played a pivotal role in the creation of a new and pervasive branch of biology. This led in turn to major developments in medicine and to the treatment of diseases as a result of advances made in arguably one of the greatest centres of scientific research ever: the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, which they helped to establish. Their work and that of their predecessors at the Royal Institution in London reflects the broader cultural, scientific and educational strength of the UK from the early 19th century onwards. The book also illustrates the nurturing of academic life in the collegiate system, exemplified by the activities of, and cross-fertilization within, a small Cambridge college.
This book comprises a first survey of the Collaborative Research Center SFB-TRR 141 ‘Biological Design and Integrative Structures – Analysis, Simulation and Implementation in Architecture’, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft since October 2014. The SFB-TRR 141 provides a collaborative framework for architects and engineers from the University of Stuttgart, biologists and physicists from the University of Freiburg and geoscientists and evolutionary biologists from the University of Tübingen. The programm is conceptualized as a dialogue between the disciplines and is based on the belief that that biomimetic research has the potential to lead everyone involved to new findings far beyond his individual reach. During the last few decades, computational methods have been introduced into all fields of science and technology. In architecture, they enable the geometric differentiation of building components and allow the fabrication of porous or fibre-based materials with locally adjusted physical and chemical properties. Recent developments in simulation technologies focus on multi-scale models and the interplay of mechanical phenomena at various hierarchical levels. In the natural sciences, a multitude of quantitative methods covering diverse hierarchical levels have been introduced. These advances in computational methods have opened a new era in biomimetics: local differentiation at various scales, the main feature of natural constructions, can for the first time not only be analysed, but to a certain extent also be transferred to building construction. Computational methodologies enable the direct exchange of information between fields of science that, until now, have been widely separated. As a result they lead to a new approach to biomimetic research, which, hopefully, contributes to a more sustainable development in architecture and building construction.
Applying Properties of Animals Skins to Inspire Architectural Envelopes Biology influences design projects in many ways; the related discipline is known as biomimetics or biomimicry. Using the animal kingdom as a source of inspiration, Ilaria Mazzoleni seeks to instill a shift in thinking about the application of biological principles to design and architecture. She focuses on the analysis of how organisms have adapted to different environments and translates the learned principles into the built environment. To illustrate the methodology, Mazzoleni draws inspiration from the diversity of animal coverings, referred to broadly as skin, and applies them to the design of building envelopes through a series of twelve case studies. Skin is a complex organ that performs a multitude of functions; namely, it serves as a link between the body and the environment. Similarly, building envelopes act as interfaces between their inhabitants and external elements. The resulting architectural designs illustrate an integrative methodology that allows architecture to follow nature. "Ilaria Mazzoleni, in collaboration with biologist Shauna Price, has developed a profound methodology for architectural and design incentives that anticipates and proposes novel ways to explore undiscovered biological inspirations for various audiences." —Yoseph Bar-Cohen
This book provides the readers with a timely guide to the application of biomimetic principles in architecture and engineering design. As a result of a combined effort by two internationally recognized authorities, the biologist Werner Nachtigall and the architect Göran Pohl, the book describes the principles which can be used to compare nature and technology, and at the same time it presents detailed explanations and examples showing how biology can be used as a source of inspiration and “translated” in building and architectural solutions (biomimicry). Even though nature cannot be directly copied, the living world can provide architects and engineers with a wealth of analogues and inspirations for their own creative designs. But how can analysis of natural entities give rise to advanced and sustainable design? By reporting on the latest bionic design methods and using extensive artwork, the book guides readers through the field of nature-inspired architecture, offering an extraordinary resource for professional architects, engineers, designers and urban planners, as well as for university teachers, researchers and students. Natural evolution is seen throughout the book as a powerful resource that can serve architecture and design by providing innovative, optimal and sustainable solutions.
Now We See Now chronicles the projects and findings of a firm that is charting bold new directions in generative design and other intersections of science and architecture. In the context of massive and accelerating change--in technology, science, climate, and society--the nature of architectural design is also evolving and coming to life in new ways. New York-based office The Living has developed a unique design approach that explores projects through the application of new technologies, materials, and the growing field of generative design (design that uses software to emulate nature's evolutionary processes). These methods are futuristic, even utopian, but also raw and immediate in their application of hands-on prototyping and testing through making. The Living addresses urgent issues through reframing design with today's tools. David Benjamin, founding principal of The Living, explains his methodologies through numerous projects and abundant research that are making real inroads to what is increasingly known as generative design. Benjamin executes numerous projects that demonstrate these surprising techniques, including the Princeton Embodied Computation Lab, a new building for research on next-generation design and construction technologies; Hy-Fi, a branching tower for MoMA PS1 made of a new type of biodegradable brick; and using principles of adaptive networks to prototype new structural dividers for Airbus that are nearly 50% lighter than traditional ones. Now We See Now documents this emerging body of work and points to new directions for an evolving discipline, surveying projects at a variety of scales for a variety for clients. For an era where rapid change is the norm, The Living demonstrates how future design practices can embrace uncertainty and generate surprising solutions to tomorrow's challenges.
Simplified Structural Analysis and Design for Architects covers the basics of structural analysis and design in clear, practical terms. The book clarifies complex engineering topics through accessible, detailed examples and sample problems. Early chapters discuss the principles of statics, strength of materials, and structural analysis which represent the underlying basic material of structures and structural technology. The second part of the text focuses on steel structures, wood structures, and concrete structures, and outlines the design methods of some structural elements in a simplified manner and using some typical design examples. This edition includes two new chapters on the analysis of indeterminate structures and the simplified analysis of concrete indeterminate structures, as well as clearer figures and tables printed throughout. The final chapters of the book discuss the analysis of indeterminate structures. Concise and to the point, Simplified Structural Analysis and Design for Architects is particularly suitable for undergraduate and graduate architecture courses and courses in structural technology. The book is also a useful tool for practicing architects wishing to review the topic, and architecture graduates who are preparing for the licensing examination. Rima Taher earned her doctorate in civil engineering and building technology from École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées in Paris. She is a senior university lecturer in the College of Architecture and Design and a part-time instructor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. She is a practicing civil/structural engineer through her consulting firm in New Jersey, Taher Engineering, LLC. Dr. Taher is an expert in the field of design and construction of low-rise buildings for high winds and hurricanes. She has given presentations on this subject to the Chilean Ministry of Education and the Inter-American Development Bank and at the annual conference of the Construction Specifications Institute in Canada in 2011. Dr. Taher serves as president of the Structural Engineering Institute Chapter at the North Jersey branch of the American Society of Civil Engineers.
The Evolution of Designs tells the history of the many analogies that have been made, since the end of the eighteenth century, between the evolution of organisms and the human production of artefacts – especially buildings.
LabStudio: Design Research between Architecture and Biology introduces the concept of the research design laboratory in which funded research and trans-disciplinary participants achieve radical advances in science, design, and applied architectural practice. The book demonstrates to natural scientists and architects alike new approaches to more traditional design studio and hypothesis-led research that are complementary, iterative, experimental, and reciprocal. These originate from 3-D spatial biology and generative design in architecture, creating philosophies and practices that are high-risk, non-linear, and design-driven for often surprising results. Authors Jenny E. Sabin, an architectural designer, and Peter Lloyd Jones, a spatial biologist, present case studies, prototypes, and exercises from their practice, LabStudio, illustrating in hundreds of color images a new model for seemingly unrelated, open-ended, data-, systems- and technology-driven methods that you can adopt for incredible results.
Publicatie n.a.v. de conferentie gehouden op 1 april 2006 op de faculteit Bouwkunde van de TU Delft over de huidige en toekomstige veranderingen rond de digitaal ontworpen architectuur- en designpraktijk.