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By the first years of the twentieth century the memory of old-time New England was in danger. What had once been a land of small towns populated by tradition-minded Yankees was now becoming almost unrecognizable with a floodtide of immigrants and the constant change of a modernizing society. At the same time, cities such as Boston, Portsmouth, and Salem were bursting at the seams with factories, high-rises, and uncontrollable growth. During a period when the Colonial Revival and progressive movements held sway, Yankees asserted their influence through campaigns to redefine the meaning of their Anglo-American forebears. As part of the reaction, the modern preservation movement was founded by William Sumner Appleton, Jr., a privileged, old-blooded Bostonian. Resisting not simply this avalanche of change but the amateurish romanticism of fellow antiquaries, Appleton founded the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities in 1910. While examining SPNEA in the context of progressivism, Preserving Historic New England focuses on its redefinition of preservation to fit the methodology of science, the economy of capitalism, and the aestheticism of architecture. In so doing, preservation not only became a profession defined by those male worlds, but remade Yankee memory to accord with the modern corporate order.
In 1889 tradition-minded women, including many from Virginia's most prominent families, formed the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA), the first state preservation organization in the United States. And where better? After all, who else could so readily claim both colonial and Confederate heritage, both Jamestown and the White House of the Confederacy? In Preserving the Old Dominion cultural historian James Lindgren shows how the preservation movement strove to rebuild a revered past upon the foundations of its historic structures. While vividly capturing entertaining incidents - white-gloved pilgrimages, a Richmond costume ball, even a search for a Jamestown Rock to set back those arriviste New Englanders - and introducing battling (often with each other) preservationists, Lindgren also explores the serious consequences of these sometimes amusing efforts. He shows how the reinvention of the past shaped contemporary Virginia and the South. In a very real sense the battle between North and South was replayed at the end of the nineteenth century in a contest to control the nation's past. The AVPA's significance lies not only in the fact that it played a major role in the resurgence of conservatism in the late nineteenth-century South, but that it fits into a larger American picture where tradition-minded Americans tapped their history - whether imagined or real - to shape their identity. Preserving the Old Dominion incorporates history, anthropology, architecture, archaeology, religion, and politics; it will be of interest to historians in all fields as well as women's studies scholars.