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Until recently, fuzzy logic was the intellectual plaything of a handful of researchers. Now it is being used to enhance the power of intelligent systems, as well as improve the performance and reduce the cost of intelligent and "smart" products appearing in the commercial market. Fuzzy Expert Systems focuses primarily on the theory of fuzzy expert systems and their applications in science and engineering. In doing so, it provides the first comprehensive study of "soft" expert systems and applications for those systems. Topics covered include general purpose fuzzy expert systems, processing imperfect information using structured frameworks, the fuzzy linguistic inference network generator, fuzzy associative memories, the role of approximate reasoning in medical expert systems, MILORD (a fuzzy expert systems shell), and COMAX (an autonomous fuzzy expert system for tactical communications networks. Fuzzy Expert Systems provides an invaluable reference resource for researchers and students in artificial intelligence (AI) and approximate reasoning (AR), as well as for other researchers looking for methods to apply similar tools in their own designs of intelligent systems.
Hier lernen Sie, Expertensysteme auf der Basis von Fuzzy Logic zu konstruieren, die sich für den praktischen Einsatz eignen. Expertensysteme werden zunächst allgemein definiert, und die zugrundeliegende Mathematik wird eingeführt. Regelbasierte Systeme werden gründlicher besprochen als in jedem anderen Buch mit ähnlichem Thema. Am Ende jedes Kapitels können Sie Ihren Wissensstand anhand von Übungsaufgaben überprüfen. Von einem zugehörigen ftp-Server können Sie Ergänzungsmaterial abrufen. Für Praktiker und Forscher aus dem akademischen Umfeld gleichermaßen geeignet!
The monograph offers a view on Rough Mereology, a tool for reasoning under uncertainty, which goes back to Mereology, formulated in terms of parts by Lesniewski, and borrows from Fuzzy Set Theory and Rough Set Theory ideas of the containment to a degree. The result is a theory based on the notion of a part to a degree. One can invoke here a formula Rough: Rough Mereology : Mereology = Fuzzy Set Theory : Set Theory. As with Mereology, Rough Mereology finds important applications in problems of Spatial Reasoning, illustrated in this monograph with examples from Behavioral Robotics. Due to its involvement with concepts, Rough Mereology offers new approaches to Granular Computing, Classifier and Decision Synthesis, Logics for Information Systems, and are--formulation of well--known ideas of Neural Networks and Many Agent Systems. All these approaches are discussed in this monograph. To make the exposition self--contained, underlying notions of Set Theory, Topology, and Deductive and Reductive Reasoning with emphasis on Rough and Fuzzy Set Theories along with a thorough exposition of Mereology both in Lesniewski and Whitehead--Leonard--Goodman--Clarke versions are discussed at length. It is hoped that the monograph offers researchers in various areas of Artificial Intelligence a new tool to deal with analysis of relations among concepts.
This text is a reprint of the seminal 1989 book Probabilistic Reasoning in Expert systems: Theory and Algorithms, which helped serve to create the field we now call Bayesian networks. It introduces the properties of Bayesian networks (called causal networks in the text), discusses algorithms for doing inference in Bayesian networks, covers abductive inference, and provides an introduction to decision analysis. Furthermore, it compares rule-base experts systems to ones based on Bayesian networks, and it introduces the frequentist and Bayesian approaches to probability. Finally, it provides a critique of the maximum entropy formalism. Probabilistic Reasoning in Expert Systems was written from the perspective of a mathematician with the emphasis being on the development of theorems and algorithms. Every effort was made to make the material accessible. There are ample examples throughout the text. This text is important reading for anyone interested in both the fundamentals of Bayesian networks and in the history of how they came to be. It also provides an insightful comparison of the two most prominent approaches to probability.
Assessing the degree to which two objects, an object and a query, or two concepts are similar or compatible is a fundamental component of human reasoning and consequently is critical in the development of automated diagnosis, classification, information retrieval and decision systems. The assessment of similarity has played an important role in such diverse disciplines such as taxonomy, psychology, and the social sciences. Each discipline has proposed methods for quantifying similarity judgments suitable for its particular applications. This book presents a unified approach to quantifying similarity and compatibility within the framework of fuzzy set theory and examines the primary importance of these concepts in approximate reasoning. Examples of the application of similarity measures in various areas including expert systems, information retrieval, and intelligent database systems are provided.
Readings in Fuzzy Sets for Intelligent Systems is a collection of readings that explore the main facets of fuzzy sets and possibility theory and their use in intelligent systems. Basic notions in fuzzy set theory are discussed, along with fuzzy control and approximate reasoning. Uncertainty and informativeness, information processing, and membership, cognition, neural networks, and learning are also considered. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with a historical background on fuzzy sets and possibility theory, citing some forerunners who discussed ideas or formal definitions very close to the basic notions introduced by Lotfi Zadeh (1978). The reader is then introduced to fundamental concepts in fuzzy set theory, including symmetric summation and the setting of fuzzy logic; uncertainty and informativeness; and fuzzy control. Subsequent chapters deal with approximate reasoning; information processing; decision and management sciences; and membership, cognition, neural networks, and learning. Numerical methods for fuzzy clustering are described, and adaptive inference in fuzzy knowledge networks is analyzed. This monograph will be of interest to both students and practitioners in the fields of computer science, information science, applied mathematics, and artificial intelligence.
Fuzzy set theory is a mathematical structure for representing uncertainty. Modern intelligent systems must combine knowledge based on techniques for gathering and processing information with methods of approximate reasoning. This enables an intelligent system to better emulate human decision-making in uncertain environments. Complimentary to the text is a software package containing executable FEST code. The text contains a detailed description of FEST and its coherent and systematic exploitation.
Since its inception 20 years ago the theory of fuzzy sets has advanced in a variety of ways and in many disciplines. Applications of this theory can be found in artificial intelligence, computer science, control engineering, decision theory, expert systems, logic, management science, operations research, pattern recognition, robotics and others. Theoretical advances, too, have been made in many directions, and a gap has arisen between advanced theoretical topics and applications, which often use the theory at a rather elementary level. The primary goal of this book is to close this gap - to provide a textbook for courses in fuzzy set theory and a book that can be used as an introduction. This revised book updates the research agenda, with the chapters of possibility theory, fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning, expert systems and control, decision making and fuzzy set models in operations research being restructured and rewritten. Exercises have been added to almost all chapters and a teacher's manual is available upon request.