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CE MEMOIRE PRESENTE UNE CONTRIBUTION A L'AMELIORATION DES METHODES USUELLES D'ANALYSE DE SECURITE EMPLOYEES DANS LE CADRE DE LA CERTIFICATION DES SYSTEMES DE TRANSPORT AUTOMATISES (STA). LA MISSION DES EXPERTS CERTIFIEURS CONSISTE A APPRECIER LE CARACTERE SECURITAIRE D'UN NOUVEAU STA EN EVALUANT LA COMPLETUDE DES SCENARIOS D'ACCIDENTS ENVISAGES DANS L'ETUDE DE SECURITE DU CONSTRUCTEUR. LA METHODOLOGIE D'AIDE A LA CERTIFICATION DEVELOPPEE REPOSE SUR L'UTILISATION CONJOINTE ET COMPLEMENTAIRE DE L'ACQUISITION DES CONNAISSANCES ET DE L'APPRENTISSAGE AUTOMATIQUE. LA METHODE D'ACQUISITION DE CONNAISSANCES CHOISIE A MONTRE SON INTERET POUR EXTRAIRE ET FORMALISER LES CONNAISSANCES HISTORIQUES ET LA DEMARCHE GENERALE D'ANALYSE DE SECURITE. POUR EXPLOITER LES HISTORIQUES ET ENRICHIR LA BASE DE CONNAISSANCES DE CERTIFICATION, NOTRE ETUDE S'EST ORIENTEE VERS L'UTILISATION DES TECHNIQUES D'APPRENTISSAGE AUTOMATIQUE. LA DIFFICULTE DE DEFINIR ET CHOISIR UN SYSTEME D'APPRENTISSAGE ADAPTE AUX EXIGENCES D'UNE APPLICATION INDUSTRIELLE NOUS A CONDUIT A PROPOSER UNE CARACTERISATION DU PROCESSUS D'APPRENTISSAGE. ACASYA EST L'ENVIRONNEMENT LOGICIEL QUE NOUS AVONS DEVELOPPE POUR SUPPORTER LA METHODOLOGIE D'AIDE A LA CERTIFICATION. IL EST COMPOSE DE DEUX MODULES PRINCIPAUX: CLASCA ET EVALSCA, RESPECTIVEMENT DEDIES A LA CLASSIFICATION ET A L'EVALUATION DES SCENARIOS D'ACCIDENTS. CLASCA, QUE NOUS AVONS ENTIEREMENT CONCU EST UN SYSTEME D'APPRENTISSAGE SYMBOLIQUE-NUMERIQUE, INDUCTIF, INCREMENTAL, NON MONOTONE ET INTERACTIF. EVALSCA, DEVELOPPE AUTOUR DU SYSTEME D'APPRENTISSAGE CHARADE A POUR OBJECTIF DE SUGGERER AUX CERTIFIEURS D'EVENTUELLES PANNES NON CONSIDEREES PAR LE CONSTRUCTEUR ET SUSCEPTIBLES DE METTRE EN DEFAUT LA SECURITE D'UN NOUVEAU STA. A CE JOUR, ACASYA A PROUVE L'INTERET DE LA METHODOLOGIE POUR FORMALISER, EXPLOITER ET PERENNISER LE SAVOIR FAIRE DE L'EXPERT CERTIFIEUR
Cette thèse a pour objectif la réalisation d'un système à base de connaissances pour les situations de crise. A travers le développement de ce système deux principaux axes de recherche ont été entrepris: l'acquisition et la validation de connaissances. Pour l'étape d'acquisition de connaissances, nous avons intégré une méthodologie d'acquisition de connaissances et une technique d'apprentissage automatique. Dans un premier temps, la méthodologie d'acquisition de connaissances nous a permis de recueillir l'ensemble des connaissances descriptives et stratégiques du domaine, et de construire un langage de description des exemples d'apprentissage. Une technique d'apprentissage est ensuite utilisée pour construire incrémentalement un graphe de connaissances en utilisant des cas d'interventions sur des situations de crise fournis par les experts du domaine. Pour la phase d'exploitation du système, nous avons proposé deux procédures différentes. La première procédure consiste en l'utilisation interactive du graphe de connaissances construit et la deuxième procédure consiste en l'utilisation en déduction des connaissances contenues dans ce graphe. L'approche proposée pour la validation des connaissances s'appuie sur l'utilisation interactive du graphe de connaissances construit et sur un suivi des interventions des experts sur des cas de crise
The advancements in decision sciences theory and applications can be regarded as a continuously emerging field in all areas of interest including technology, industry, energy, healthcare, education, agriculture, social sciences, and more. Managers in all disciplines face an endless list of complex issues every day. One of the essential managerial skills is the ability to allocate and utilize limited resources appropriately in the efforts of achieving optimal performance efficiently. This is no less important for those who work in the transportation sector. The Handbook of Research on Decision Sciences and Applications in the Transportation Sector explores the importance of decision sciences and the ways in which they apply to the transportation sector. This book covers technologies and tools including machine learning, mathematical modeling, and simulation and their applications in such tasks as reducing fuel costs, improving passenger flow, and ensuring vehicle safety. It is an essential reference source for managers, professionals in the transport industry, supply chain specialists, safety officers, IT consultants, executives, practitioners, scientists, students, researchers, and academicians.
Past, Present, and Future of Knowledge Acquisition This book contains the proceedings of the 11th European Workshop on Kno- edge Acquisition, Modeling, and Management (EKAW ’99), held at Dagstuhl Castle (Germany) in May of 1999. This continuity and the high number of s- missions re?ect the mature status of the knowledge acquisition community. Knowledge Acquisition started as an attempt to solve the main bottleneck in developing expert systems (now called knowledge-based systems): Acquiring knowledgefromahumanexpert. Variousmethodsandtoolshavebeendeveloped to improve this process. These approaches signi?cantly reduced the cost of - veloping knowledge-based systems. However, these systems often only partially ful?lled the taskthey weredevelopedfor andmaintenanceremainedanunsolved problem. This required a paradigm shift that views the development process of knowledge-based systems as a modeling activity. Instead of simply transf- ring human knowledge into machine-readable code, building a knowledge-based system is now viewed as a modeling activity. A so-called knowledge model is constructed in interaction with users and experts. This model need not nec- sarily re?ect the already available human expertise. Instead it should provide a knowledgelevelcharacterizationof the knowledgethat is requiredby the system to solve the application task. Economy and quality in system development and maintainability are achieved by reusable problem-solving methods and onto- gies. The former describe the reasoning process of the knowledge-based system (i. e. , the algorithms it uses) and the latter describe the knowledge structures it uses (i. e. , the data structures). Both abstract from speci?c application and domain speci?c circumstances to enable knowledge reuse.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th European Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling and Management, EKAW '99, held at Dagstuhl Castle, Germany in May 1999. The volume presents 16 revised full papers and 15 revised short papers were carefully reviewed and selected form a high number of submissions. Also included are two invited papers. The papers address issues of knowledge acquisition (i.e., the process of extracting, creating, structuring knowledge, etc.), of knowledge-level modeling for knowledge-based systems, and of applying and redefining this work in a knowledge management and knowledge engineering context.
This volume of the Encyclopaedia offers a systematic introduction and a comprehensive survey of the theory of complex spaces. It covers topics like semi-normal complex spaces, cohomology, the Levi problem, q-convexity and q-concavity. It is the first survey of this kind. The authors are internationally known outstanding experts who developed substantial parts of the field. The book contains seven chapters and an introduction written by Remmert, describing the history of the subject. The book will be very useful to graduate students and researchers in complex analysis, algebraic geometry and differential geometry. Another group of readers will consist of mathematical physicists who apply results from these fields.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management in Mediterranean Countries, ISCRAM‐med 2015, held in Tunis, Tunisia, in October 2015. The objectives of the ISCRAM‐med conference are to provide an outstanding opportunity and an international forum for local and international researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to address and discuss new trends and challenges with respect to information systems for crisis response and disaster management. The 14 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 41 submissions. They are organized in topical sections on social computing, modeling and simulation, information and knowledge management, engineering of emergency management systems, and decision support systems and collaboration.
This book contains the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management in Mediterranean Countries, ISCRAM-med 2014, held in Toulouse, France, in October 2014. The aim of ISCRAM-med was to gather researchers and practitioners working in the area of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, with a special but not limited focus on Mediterranean crises. These include political crises, economic crises, natural hazards, and fatal industrial incidents. The 15 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 44 submissions. The contributions are organized in topical sections on supply chain and distribution; modeling and training; human interactions in the crisis field; coordination and agility; and social aspects in crisis management.
Machine learning has become a rapidly growing field of Artificial Intelligence. Since the First International Workshop on Machine Learning in 1980, the number of scientists working in the field has been increasing steadily. This situation allows for specialization within the field. There are two types of specialization: on subfields or, orthogonal to them, on special subjects of interest. This book follows the thematic orientation. It contains research papers, each of which throws light upon the relation between knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition and machine learning from a different angle. Building up appropriate representations is considered to be the main concern of knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems throughout the book. Here machine learning is presented as a tool for building up such representations. But machine learning itself also states new representational problems. This book gives an easy-to-understand insight into a new field with its problems and the solutions it offers. Thus it will be of good use to both experts and newcomers to the subject.