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The author recasts the widely accepted view of the tension between scientific understanding and use and builds a convincing case that by recognizing the importance of use-inspired basic research, we can frame a new contract between science and government.
The distinction between basic and applied research was central to twentieth-century science and policymaking, and if this framework has been contested in recent years, it nonetheless remains ubiquitous in both scientific and public discourse. Employing a transnational, diachronic perspective informed by historical semantics, this volume traces the conceptual history of the basic–applied distinction from the nineteenth century to today, taking stock of European developments alongside comparative case studies from the United States and China. It shows how an older dichotomy of pure and applied science was reconceived in response to rapid scientific progress and then further transformed by the geopolitical circumstances of the postwar era.
Enthusiasts look forward to a time when tiny machines reassemble matter and process information but is their vision realistic? 'Soft Machines' explains why the nanoworld is so different to the macro-world that we are all familar with and shows how it has more in common with biology than conventional engineering.
Cycles of Invention and Discovery offers an in-depth look at the real-world practice of science and engineering. It shows how the standard categories of “basic” and “applied” have become a hindrance to the organization of the U.S. science and technology enterprise. Tracing the history of these problematic categories, Venkatesh Narayanamurti and Toluwalogo Odumosu document how historical views of policy makers and scientists have led to the construction of science as a pure ideal on the one hand and of engineering as a practical (and inherently less prestigious) activity on the other. Even today, this erroneous but still widespread distinction forces these two endeavors into separate silos, misdirects billions of dollars, and thwarts progress in science and engineering research. The authors contrast this outmoded perspective with the lived experiences of researchers at major research laboratories. Using such Nobel Prize–winning examples as magnetic resonance imaging, the transistor, and the laser, they explore the daily micro-practices of research, showing how distinctions between the search for knowledge and creative problem solving break down when one pays attention to the ways in which pathbreaking research actually happens. By studying key contemporary research institutions, the authors highlight the importance of integrated research practices, contrasting these with models of research in the classic but still-influential report Science the Endless Frontier. Narayanamurti and Odumosu’s new model of the research ecosystem underscores that discovery and invention are often two sides of the same coin that moves innovation forward.
Scientific research in different nations, particularly after World War II.
This is an open access book. International Conference on Vocational Education Applied Science and Technology (ICVEAST), formerly known as International Conference on Vocation for Higher Education (ICVHE), is an annual event organized by the Vocational Education Program, Universitas Indonesia, that aims to encourage innovative applied research in vocational higher education. In 2022, we rebranded the conference to focus on being an international forum where scholars and practitioners share their ideas on vocational education, especially within applied science and technology. The rebranding from ICVHE to ICVEAST marks our fifth conference. This year, we present our sixth conference, with the theme, “VOCATIONAL 5.0: Virtuosity Collaboration for Sustainability Development and Innovative Technologies Goals 5.0”. Collaboration for sustainability development is a crucial part of achieving a sustainable future. It involves working with stakeholders, such as governments, businesses, non-governmental organizations, and communities, to develop and implement sustainable solutions. These stakeholders can pool their resources, knowledge, and expertise by working together to create innovative solutions that benefit the environment and society. The collaboration also helps ensure that all stakeholders are on the same page regarding sustainability goals and objectives. By building relationships and trust between stakeholders, collaboration can help to create a more sustainable future. Innovative Technology Goal 5.0 focuses on using technology to improve access to education and foster a culture of innovation and creativity. It seeks to create a more equitable and inclusive learning environment by providing access to digital tools and resources for all students, regardless of background or ability. It also seeks to promote technology to support the development of 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration. Finally, it aims to ensure that technology is used to support the development of a safe and secure learning environment while encouraging responsible and ethical use. VOCATIONAL 5.0 is a collaborative effort to promote sustainable development and innovative technology goals. It is designed to bring together experts from various fields, including business, education, government, and the non-profit sector, to identify and develop innovative solutions to global challenges. Through the use of data-driven decision-making and the application of new technologies, VOCATIONAL 5.0 seeks to create a more sustainable and equitable world. The initiative also aims to foster collaboration between stakeholders, create a platform for knowledge sharing, and promote the use of technology to drive social, economic, and environmental progress. By leveraging the collective expertise of its members, VOCATIONAL 5.0 is committed to achieving its sustainable development and innovative technology goals. This ICVEAST aims to be a respected international forum to discuss the recent improvement and challenges in Vocational Education nowadays and in the future, from the research insight, mainly applied research in the field of administration and business, health science, social humanities, and engineering. The event will gather representatives from different countries, diverse areas of knowledge, and lots of education, research, public institutions, and organizations. The conference is devised as a space to exchange ideas and discuss the challenges that education and manufacturing face in preparing human capabilities to shift into the current trend of automation and the role of advanced technologies in those challenges. We intend to have an interactive conference through these three different sessions: business talks, keynote, and parallel/presentation sessions.
Bud explores the rise and fall of 'applied science' as a category of thought shaped by scientists and laity alike.