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This book describes the application of simulation techniques to the operational test and evaluation (OT&E) of command support systems (CSS). OT&E is essential for ensuring that systems are effective, suitable for service and meet the end users' needs. Simulation can be used in OT&E to simulate entities that cannot be obtained for real-world OT&E and to evaluate the effectiveness of systems in controlled environments. This book defines the relationships between command and control (C2), CSS, systems engineering, verification and validation, OT&E and modelling and simulation. This book describes how simulation techniques have been used to improve OT&E of CSS and how simulation models are verified, validated and accredited. This book describes how the effectiveness of an OT&E program can be measured in terms of its cost effectiveness with respect to gathering evidence to support the resolution of critical operational issues (COIs). This book describes a proposed methodology for applying simulation in OT&E of CSS to help gather data to resolve COIs when it is impractical to conduct sufficient real-world OT&E to gather sufficient data to resolve COIs.
For every weapons system being developed, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) must make a critical decision: Should the system go forward to full-scale production? The answer to that question may involve not only tens of billions of dollars but also the nation's security and military capabilities. In the milestone process used by DOD to answer the basic acquisition question, one component near the end of the process is operational testing, to determine if a system meets the requirements for effectiveness and suitability in realistic battlefield settings. Problems discovered at this stage can cause significant production delays and can necessitate costly system redesign. This book examines the milestone process, as well as the DOD's entire approach to testing and evaluating defense systems. It brings to the topic of defense acquisition the application of scientific statistical principles and practices.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the application of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) within the Army Operational Test and Evaluation (OT&E) process in support of weapon systems acquisition. This thesis considers the Army's current acquisition process, M&S technologies, infrastructure, and policies that guide the Program Manager (PM) in the application of modeling and simulation in operational testing. An analysis of the potential strengths and weaknesses of M&S in addressing OT&E issues is presented. Lessons learned from past OT&E efforts are analyzed for process improvement through M&S applications. The analysis indicates that M&S is a viable tool for assisting the PM in completing OT&E. M&S techniques can assist in test design validation, expand testing in areas of limited resources and environmental concerns, and validate live testing data. From this analysis, a set of recommendations are formulated, indicating where the PM can integrate M&S into the OT&E process.
The objective of this study is to formulate a set of guidelines for the application of computer simulations and models to the problem of assessing weapon system performance. Specifically, the study addresses the question: how the OT & E community can use models and simulations more effectively in evaluating weapon systems. The methodology for conducting operational testing is multidimensional; the number of variables precludes a hard set of rules for what, when, and how best to simulations. The primary audience is the decisionmaker in the Air Force and in the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) who must support the development of more capable methods by which to formulate his program support decisions. This study focuses on the application of simulation techniques to the problem of assessing a weapon system's performance in its operational environment. Because of the exhaustive work that has been done in the area of simulation and modeling, the study avoids detailed discussions of simulations. Testing is a key element in the defense system acquisition process because it provides data for evaluating system development progress.
Modeling, simulation, and analysis (MS&A) is a crucial tool for military affairs. MS&A is one of the announced pillars of a strategy for transforming the U.S. military. Yet changes in the enterprise of MS&A have not kept pace with the new demands arising from rapid changes in DOD processes and missions or with the rapid changes in the technology available to meet those demands. To help address those concerns, DOD asked the NRC to identify shortcomings in current practice of MS&A and suggest where and how they should be resolved. This report provides an assessment of the changing mission of DOD and environment in which it must operate, an identification of high-level opportunities for MS&A research to address the expanded mission, approaches for improving the interface between MS&A practitioners and decision makers, a discussion of training and continuing education of MS&A practitioners, and an examination of the need for coordinated military science research to support MS&A.
The United States Army Operational Test and Evaluation Agency (USAOTEA) Simulation Guide presents, in four volumes, the results of an operational test-oriented survey of hardware simulators and computer simulations available within the Department of Defense and the Armed Services. The simulators and simulations are related to types of weapons systems. The status, availability, location, and controlling agency is given for each. The Summary (Volume 1) presents an overview and provides a means to quickly determine what is available and its applicability to systems under test.
Professional publication of the RD & A community.
This book examines the human factors issues associated with the development, testing, and implementation of helmet-mounted display technology in the 21st Century Land Warrior System. Because the framework of analysis is soldier performance with the system in the full range of environments and missions, the book discusses both the military context and the characteristics of the infantry soldiers who will use the system. The major issues covered include the positive and negative effects of such a display on the local and global situation awareness of the individual soldier, an analysis of the visual and psychomotor factors associated with each design feature, design considerations for auditory displays, and physical sources of stress and the implications of the display for affecting the soldier's workload. The book proposes an innovative approach to research and testing based on a three-stage strategy that begins in the laboratory, moves to controlled field studies, and culminates in operational testing.