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The present APAD Bulletin contains a selection of papers presented at the APAD 2010 Conference in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, on the theme "Engaging Anthropology for Development and Social Change: Practices, Discourses and Ethics." Anthropological engagements face important challenges at the interface of research and development. The different ways by which anthropologists take on societal problems - either in their research capacity, as development experts, as activists, or as citizen - are inscribed in a longstanding debate. In this APAD Bulletin, the contributors deal with the central questions of how and under which conditions anthropology engages with society. The papers range from epistemological reflections and methodological queries to the anthropology of per diem and of public health, as well as to practical problems confronting anthropologists engaged in development cooperation. [PLEASE NOTE: This volume's Introduction is in English text. The remaining text is French language text only. There is no English translation.] (Series: APAD Bulletin - Vol. 34)
Lorsque les aventuriers de l'Arche de Zoé veulent agir pour le bonheur des autres, c'est l'aide humanitaire dans son ensemble qui est mise en accusation. Au-delà du déchaînement médiatique, se joue là pour l'anthropologie la figure bien connue de la rencontre avec l'autre qu'il s'agit d'« aider ». Dans ce contexte troublé, ce livre vient à point nommé pour exposer ce que peut être, aujourd'hui, une anthropologie de l'aide humanitaire et du développement, entre engagement et distance critique. Un premier chapitre en pose le cadre théorique, grâce à une démarche à la fois historique et prospective. Les chapitres suivants rassemblent des anthropologues de nationalités multiples qui se penchent chacun sur un domaine d'intervention et de recherche particulier : les réfugiés, le monde rural, l'environnement, l'assainissement urbain, la santé, l'alimentation, ou le genre. Études de cas sur divers continents, revues de la littérature internationale et analyses approfondies offrent au lecteur des clés pour comprendre les pratiques et les enjeux de la recherche anthropologique, tout en l'invitant à découvrir comment, sur le terrain, se déploient l'aide humanitaire et les interventions de développement. Plaçant au centre de ses préoccupations les hommes et les femmes en action qui font, au quotidien, leurs sociétés, leurs cultures et leur développement, cette anthropologie de l'aide humanitaire et du développement relève le défi de mettre ces mondes : souvent divergents et conflictuels : en relations, afin de leur donner un sens et une forme sur lesquels il est possible d'agir.
This book analyses the making of the international world of ‘natural’ disasters by its professionals. Through a long-term ethnographic study of this arena, the author unveils the various elements that are necessary for the construction of an international world: a collective narrative, a shared language, and standardized practices. The book analyses the two main framings that these professionals use to situate themselves with regards to a disaster: preparedness and resilience, arguing that the making of the world of ‘natural’ disasters reveals how heterogeneous, conflicting, and sometimes competing elements are put together.
The Routledge Companion to Gender and Borderlands maps the relationship between gender and borderlands at a global scale and sets the agenda for developing a global composite field of gender and borderlands studies. This interdisciplinary collection seeks to understand the complex nexus at which gender and the borderlands intersect, modelling radical relationality at epistemological, ontological, and activist levels. Going beyond border studies’ frequent site at the U.S.–Mexico Border, this book examines the power relations of borderlands as they play out in, influence, and reflect gender dynamics. Contributors draw on case studies from around the world, and their chapters span diverse fields from anthropology, literature, and history, to political science, religious studies, sociology, and the arts. The Routledge Companion to Gender and Borderlands is an indispensable resource for scholars and students engaged in border studies, gender studies, and the wide range of interlocking disciplines that inform and enrich these fields. Chapters 1, 15 and 20.of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
This fascinating book investigates the strategic importance of the production and dissemination of expertise in the activities of the international organizations (IOs) that have come to symbolize the dominance of the Western political and economic order.
This Handbook brings together scholars whose essays discuss significant issues with regard to international organization as a process and international organizations as institutions. Although the focus is on intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are discussed where relevant. The handbook is divided into six parts: Documentation, Data Sets and Sources International Secretariats as Bureaucracies Actors within International Bureaucracies Processes within International Bureaucracies Challenges to International Organizations, and Expanding International Architectures. The state-of-the-art articles are meant to encourage current and future generations of scholars to enjoy working in and further exploiting the field and are also of great interest to practitioners of international organization and global governance
For over sixty years, conflict between state forces and armed ethnic groups was ongoing in parts of the borderlands of Burma. Ethnic minority communities were subjected to systematic and widespread abuses by an increasingly complex patchwork of armed state and non-state actors. Populations in more remote and disputed border areas typically had little to no access to even basic healthcare and education services. As part of its counter-insurgency campaign, the military state also historically restricted international humanitarian access to civilian populations in unstable border areas. It was in this context that "cross-border aid" to Burma had developed, as an alternative mechanism for channelling assistance to populations denied aid through more conventional systems. Yet by the late 2000s, national and international changes had significant impacts on an aid debate, which had important political and ethical implications. Through an ethnographic study of a cross-border aid organisation working on the Thailand-Burma border, this book focuses on the political and ethical dilemmas of "humanitarian government". It explores the ways in which aid systems come to be defined as legitimate or illegitimate, humanitarian or "un-humanitarian", in an international context that has witnessed the multiplication of often-conflicting humanitarian systems and models. It examines how an "embodied history" of violence can shape the worldviews and actions of local humanitarian actors, as well as institutions created to mitigate human suffering. It goes on to look at the complex and often-invisible webs of local organisations, international NGOs, donors, armed groups and other actors, which can develop in a cross-border and extra-legal context – a context where competing constructions of systems as legitimate or illegitimate are highlighted. Exploring the history of humanitarianism from the local aid perspective of Burma, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of Southeast Asian Studies, Anthropology of Humanitarian Aid and Development Studies.
Marginal in status a decade ago, cash transfer programs have become the preferred channel for delivering emergency aid or tackling poverty in low- and middle-income countries. While these programs have had positive effects, they are typical of top-down development interventions in that they impose on local contexts standardized norms and procedures regarding conditionality, targeting, and delivery. This book sheds light on the crucial importance of these contexts and the many unpredicted consequences of cash transfer programs worldwide - detailing how the latter are used by actors to pursue their own strategies, and how external norms are reinterpreted, circumvented, and contested by local populations.
From natural disaster areas to conflict zones, humanitarian workers today find themselves operating in diverse and difficult environments. While humanitarian work has always presented unique ethical challenges, such efforts are now further complicated by the impact of globalization, the escalating refugee crisis, and mounting criticisms of established humanitarian practice. Featuring contributions from humanitarian practitioners, health professionals, and social and political scientists, this book explores the question of ethics in modern humanitarian work, drawing on the lived experience of humanitarian workers themselves. Its essential case studies cover humanitarian work in countries ranging from Haiti and South Sudan to Syria and Iraq, and address issues such as gender based violence, migration, and the growing phenomenon of ‘volunteer tourism’. Together, these contributions offer new perspectives on humanitarian ethics, as well as insight into how such ethical considerations might inform more effective approaches to humanitarian work.
Despite various decades of research and claim-making by feminist scholars and movements, gender remains an overlooked area in development studies. Looking at key issues in development studies through the prisms of gender and feminism, the authors demonstrate that gender is an indispensable tool for social change.