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Anopheles mosquitoes are highly important insects due to their involvement in the transmission of human malaria and its devastating consequences in endemic countries worldwide. In 2010 alone, malaria was responsible for an estimated 660,000 deaths. As the study of Anopheles species and populations is a key element for reaching the goal of malaria elimination, an enormous amount of information has accumulated over the past century, and together in recent decades with the advent of novel technologies the acquisition of new knowledge has accelerated even further. The originality of this book is to offer the latest compilation on various research, new concepts, paradigms and innovative approaches for the control of anophelines using state-of-the-art methodologies and analysis. The 24 chapters, written by internationally recognized experts from 5 continents, cover the rich landscape for the understanding of Anopheles mosquitoes and the development of more effective weapons to control the vector of malaria.
Anatomical and descriptive terminology of mosquitoes listed under separate sections on adult, egg, larva, pupa, and vestiture. Each entry gives recommended abbreviation, illustrative figures in this publication, original reference, definitions, synonyms, and supplementary information. Bibliography. Index.
Vector-borne diseases are a major health problem in South-East Asia and in other parts of the world. There are about 4,500 mosquito species in existence; species belonging to the Anopheles genus transmit malaria. Combating malaria is part of the Millennium Development Goals, and vector control is a key strategy both regionally and globally. Therefore, the review and dissemination of information on vector species is critically important. Most of the anophelines that are involved in the transmission of malaria in South and South-East Asia have been identified as species complexes. Members of a species complex are reproductively isolated evolutionary units with distinct gene pools and hence they differ in their biological characteristics. In 1998 WHO published Anopheline Species Complexes in South-East Asia. New identification tools have been developed since then, and therefore this updated edition was needed. It summarizes work that has been done on anopheline cryptic species and will be highly valuable to researchers, field entomologists and malaria-control program managers.
The most complete reference work on mosquitoes ever produced, Mosquitoes of the World is an unmatched resource for entomologists, public health professionals, epidemiologists, and reference libraries.
Malaria control and eradication have achieved noteworthy successes in such diverse areas as Venezuela and Taiwan. However, in many portions of the world malaria control has reached a state of stagnation and even retreat. The reasons are manifold but in the main arise from problems which have been evident in the biology of the parasite and the anopheline vector. The discovery of resistance to drugs and insecticides serves to amplify these problems. Breakdowns of antimalaria programs based on vector control have been especially serious in Africa. It is not always clear why these campaigns fail or what can be done about it now. Prospects for future control may improve provided further research is accomplished. As a means of delineating the present status of the biology and control of malaria vectors and providing a platform for the discussion of areas for further study which may provide practical means of interrupting transmission by controlling or eradicating the vector, a Conference on Anopheline Biology and Malaria Eradication was organized. It is hoped that the recommendations which developed from this conference will stimulate further entomological research along those channels which appeared to be most promising to the conferees.
Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue focuses on the knowledge, technology, regulation and ethics of using genetically modified mosquitoes to interrupt the transmission of important vector-borne diseases including Malaria. It contains coverage of the current state of knowledge of vector-borne diseases and how they are currently controlled; vaccine, drug and insecticide development; various strategies for altering the genome of mosquitoes in beneficial ways; and the regulatory, ethical and social environment concerning these strategies. For more than five decades, the prospect of using genetically-modified mosquitoes to control vector-borne disease transmission has been a purely hypothetical scenario. We simply did not have the technology or basic knowledge to be able to do it. With the explosion of field trials and potential interventions in development, Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue provides a comprehensive overview of research in genetics, microbiology, virology, and ecology involved in the development and implementation of genetic modification programs for virus and disease control. This book is meant to provide a practical guide to researchers, regulators and the general public about how this technology actually works, how it can be improved, and what is still unknown. - Includes coverage of vectorial capacity, critical to understanding vector-borne disease transmission - Provides a summary of the concepts of both population suppression and population replacement - Contains pivotal coverage of ethical and ecological ramifications of genetics-based control strategies