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analyzes the changes in conditions placed on International Monetary Fund loans to states over the last fifty years and argues that the changes can be explained by shifts in the sources of the IMF's funding.
Some vols. include supplemental journals of "such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House."
What explains the changes in the activities of the International Monetary Fund? What drives the IMF's interactions with states? Contrary to conventional explanations that focus on state interests or bureaucratic culture, this project argues that changes in Fund activities, particularly Fund conditionality, are best explained by shifts in the sources of state financing. State financiers, which include creditor states, private financial institutions and multilateral organizations, are able to influence Fund activities because their outside financing is necessary for the success and viability of Fund programs. The Fund generally does not provide enough financing to allow a country to balance its payments and implement the Fund's recommended policy program. External financiers are therefore able to exercise some leverage of the Fund, for example demanding that the Fund adjust the terms of its conditionality programs in order to ensure that their financing will be forthcoming. Different types of external financiers have different preferences over Fund activities, like the terms of Fund conditionality arrangements. The dominant sources of state financing have shifted over the last forty years from being provided almost exclusively by creditor states, to being provided by a diverse set of creditor state, private financial interests and multilateral organizations. As the sources of state financing have change, so have the demands on the Fund and the Fund's subsequent activity. The project uses and originally-constructed data set of 249 conditional loan arrangements, coded according to the terms of those arrangements, as well as archival, interview and case study evidence to assess this explanation of Fund activity against the mainstream alternatives.
The British Labour Government and the 1976 IMF Crisis examines the external pressures vis-à -vis British economic policy that culminated in the 1976 UK-IMF crisis. The postwar development of IMF loan conditionality is reviewed as well as the growing incompatibility after 1974 between the Government's domestic political imperatives and Britain's external economic constraints that led to the crisis. More generally, the case study demonstrates the coercive and constraining nature of 'international cooperation' in contemporary international relations.
Economists occupy leading positions in many different sectors including central and private banks, multinational corporations, the state and the media, as well as serving as policy consultants on everything from health to the environment and security. Power and Influence of Economists explores the interconnected relationship between power, knowledge and influence which has led economics to be both a source and beneficiary of widespread power and influence. The contributors to this book explore the complex and diverse methods and channels that economists have used to exert and expand their influence from different disciplinary and national perspectives. Four different analytical views on the role of power and economics are taken: first, the role of economic expert discourses as power devices for the formation of influential expertise; second, the logics and modalities of governmentality that produce power/knowledge apparatuses between science and society; third, economists as involved in networks between academia, politics and the media; and forth, economics considered as a social field, including questions of legitimacy and unequal relations between economists based on the detention of various capitals. The volume includes case studies on a variety of national configurations of economics, such as the US, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Greece, Mexico and Brazil, as well as international spaces and organisations such as the IMF. This book provides innovative research perspectives for students and scholars of heterodox economics, cultural political economy, sociology of professions, network studies, and the social studies of power, discourse and knowledge. “The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9780367817084, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.”