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Who Went To These Parts In The 9Th Century. Translated From The Arabic By Eusebius Renaudot; With Notes And Illustrations And Inquiries.
The author explores questions which are answerable only as oral communication is considered in relation to philosophy and social customs. An examination of the relationship between culture and rhetoric, East and West, opens the book. The rhetorical milieu of India, its philosophy, social system, and uses of speech, leads to a probing of the caste system and speech of the Brahmins, Hinduism and other pre-Buddhistic rhetorical theories, including a study of the Upanishads and forms of debate, are considered along with the influence of Gautama Buddha. The rhetorical milieu of China is examined, together with analysis of the earliest classic, an anthology of political speeches. Chinese rhetoric of etiquette is compared with Hindu caste rhetoric. The rhetorical systems of Confucius and Mencius are evaluated in detail, after which the motivational rhetorics of Mo-Tze and Hsüntze are examined. Han Fei-Tzu's totalitarian rhetoric is contrasted with the Taoist rhetorics of Lao-Tzu and Chuang-Tzu. The book concludes with a chapter on characteristics of Asian rhetoric, where the author compares rhetorics of East and West.--From publishers' description.
Studies the complex system of trade exchanges and commerce that profoundly changed Roman society.
India and China are two of the most important civilizations of the ancient world. Looking at the relations between these empires before the 6th century A.D., Xinru Liu conclusively establishes the transmission of Buddhism from India to China, and describes the various items of commercial trade.
In its ports, we find a priceless cargo of information; here are the first foreign descriptions of tea and porcelain, a panorama of unusual social practices, cannibal islands, and Indian holy men--a marvelous, mundane world, contained in the compass of a novella. In Mission to the Volga, we move north on a diplomatic mission from Baghdad to the upper reaches of the Volga River in what is now central Russia. This colorful documentary by Ibn Fadlan relates the trials and tribulations of an embassy of diplomats and missionaries sent by caliph al-Muqtadir to deliver political and religious instruction to the recently-converted King of the Bulghars. During eleven months of grueling travel, Ibn Fadlan records the marvels he witnesses on his journey, including an aurora borealis and the white nights of the North. Crucially, he offers a description of the Viking Rus, including their customs, clothing, tattoos, and a striking account of a ship funeral.
Just a thousand years ago, India was dotted with universities across its length and breadth, where international students flocked to gain credentials in advanced education. This illustrated book describes how these multi-disciplinary centers of learning existed in several forms such as forest universities, brick-and-mortar universities and temple universities. It examines the funding for these citadels of learning and their graduation ceremonies. The process by which India’s ancient systems of education helped to fuel a knowledge revolution around the world with its manuscripts, forming the basis for monographs and academic papers, is explained with references. The marauding incursions by Muslim invaders, which disrupted the idyllic world of university learning in India, followed by European colonization, which led to further erosion and degeneration of India’s traditional learning systems, have been taken up in some detail. Readers will get a snapshot view of India's education system down the ages from ancient to modern times.