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Analytical Chemistry in Space presents an analysis of the chemical constitution of space, particularly the particles in the solar wind, of the planetary atmospheres, and the surfaces of the moon and planets. Topics range from space engineering considerations to solar system atmospheres and recovered extraterrestrial materials. Mass spectroscopy in space exploration is also discussed, along with lunar and planetary surface analysis using neutron inelastic scattering. This book is comprised of seven chapters and opens with a discussion on the possibilities for exploration of the solar system by mass spectroscopy, with particular reference to analysis of compositional data on solar system objects such as the Earth and meteorites, asteroids, comets, and interplanetary dust. The reader is then introduced to the project administration, instrument design, and spacecraft integration problems that must be solved to successfully fly a space experiment. The following chapters focus on the atmospheres of the sun and planets; the use of mass spectroscopy in solar system exploration and of neutron inelastic scattering in lunar and planetary surface analysis; and extraterrestrial in situ 14 MeV neutron activation analysis. The final chapter is devoted to the advantages and applications of thermal neutron activation to the analysis of certain samples of geological interest. This monograph will be a useful resource for analytical chemists and space scientists.
Analytical Chemistry and Nano Sciences Applied to Outer Space For thousands of years, humans have looked into space and attempted to analyze and characterize what lies beyond the Earth. The massive technological advancements of the last century have allowed us to undertake these goals with ever-increasing efficiency and accuracy, and today many nations around the world have space agencies dedicated to understanding and exploring the universe around us. These agencies utilize analytical chemistry to serve three main goals: to understand the geology and atmospheric processes of the Earth, to understand better the composition and environments of planets and solar bodies in the solar system and beyond, and to investigate techniques to allow for further human exploration of space. Chapter Outline: Key chemicals and materials Challenges and innovation needs Regulations Key analytical techniques Conclusions and future directions The Open Courses Library introduces you to the best Open Source Courses.
The majority of modern instruments are computerised and provide incredible amounts of data. Methods that take advantage of the flood of data are now available; importantly they do not emulate 'graph paper analyses' on the computer. Modern computational methods are able to give us insights into data, but analysis or data fitting in chemistry requires the quantitative understanding of chemical processes. The results of this analysis allows the modelling and prediction of processes under new conditions, therefore saving on extensive experimentation. Practical Data Analysis in Chemistry exemplifies every aspect of theory applicable to data analysis using a short program in a Matlab or Excel spreadsheet, enabling the reader to study the programs, play with them and observe what happens. Suitable data are generated for each example in short routines, this ensuring a clear understanding of the data structure. Chapter 2 includes a brief introduction to matrix algebra and its implementation in Matlab and Excel while Chapter 3 covers the theory required for the modelling of chemical processes. This is followed by an introduction to linear and non-linear least-squares fitting, each demonstrated with typical applications. Finally Chapter 5 comprises a collection of several methods for model-free data analyses. * Includes a solid introduction to the simulation of equilibrium processes and the simulation of complex kinetic processes.* Provides examples of routines that are easily adapted to the processes investigated by the reader* 'Model-based' analysis (linear and non-linear regression) and 'model-free' analysis are covered
Chemical Analysis and Material Characterization by Spectrophotometry integrates and presents the latest known information and examples from the most up-to-date literature on the use of this method for chemical analysis or materials characterization. Accessible to various levels of expertise, everyone from students, to practicing analytical and industrial chemists, the book covers both the fundamentals of spectrophotometry and instrumental procedures for quantitative analysis with spectrophotometric techniques. It contains a wealth of examples and focuses on the latest research, such as the investigation of optical properties of nanomaterials and thin solid films. Covers the basic analytical theory that is essential for understanding spectrophotometry Emphasizes minor/trace chemical component analysis Includes the spectrophotometric analysis of nanomaterials and thin solid films Thoroughly describes methods and uses easy-to-follow, practical examples and experiments
This volume presents an up-to-date review of modern materials and concepts, issues, and recent advances in analytical and physical chemistry. Distinguished scientists and engineers from key institutions worldwide have contributed chapters that provide a deep analysis of their particular subjects. The chapters discuss the composition and properties of complex materials as well as mixtures, processes, and the need for new and improved analytical technology.