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The results of a research study designed to identify and evaluate methodologies that assess inland and coastal wetland functions are discussed in this report. Discussions include a critical review of the current literature, identification of research needs, recommendations of currently available wetlands evaluation methodologies, and recommendations to improve the consistency of wetlands evaluation methodologies. (Author).
The results of a research study designed to identify and evaluate methodologies that assess inland and coastal wetland functions are discussed in this report. Discussions include a critical review of the current literature, identification of research needs, recommendations of currently available wetlands evaluation methodologies, and recommendations to improve the consistency of wetlands evaluation methodologies. (Author).
"Wetlands" has become a hot word in the current environmental debate. But what does it signify? In 1991, proposed changes in the legal definities of wetlands stirred controversy and focused attention on the scientific and economic aspects of their management. This volume explores how to define wetlands. The committee--whose members were drawn from academia, government, business, and the environmental community--builds a rational, scientific basis for delineating wetlands in the landscape and offers recommendations for further action. Wetlands also discusses the diverse hydrological and ecological functions of wetlands, and makes recommendations concerning so-called controversial areas such as permafrost wetlands, riparian ecosystems, irregularly flooded sites, and agricultural wetlands. It presents criteria for identifying wetlands and explores the problems of applying those criteria when there are seasonal changes in water levels. This comprehensive and practical volume will be of interest to environmental scientists and advocates, hydrologists, policymakers, regulators, faculty, researchers, and students of environmental studies.
Wetland and Stream Rapid Assessments: Development, Validation, and Application describes the scientific and environmental policy background for rapid wetland and stream assessments, how such assessment methods are developed and statistically verified, and how they can be used in environmental decision-making—including wetland and stream permitting. In addition, it provides several case studies of method development and use in various parts of the world. Readers will find guidance on developing and testing such methods, along with examples of how these methods have been used in various programs across North America. Rapid wetland and stream functional assessments are becoming frequently used methods in federal, state and local environmental permitting programs in North America. Many governments are interested in developing new methods or improving existing methods for their own jurisdictions. This book provides an ideal guide to these initiatives. Offers guidance for the use and evaluation of rapid assessments to developers and users of these methods, as well as students of wetland and stream quality Contains contributions from sources who are successful in academia, industry and government, bringing credibility and relevance to the content Includes a statistically-based approach to testing the validity of the rapid method, which is very important to the usefulness and defensibility of assessment methods
This report presents concepts and methods for the evaluation of wetlands pursuant to Section 404, PL 92-500 (as amended), President Carter's May 24, 1977 Executive Order on wetlands protection, and other statutory and Administrative authorities. The evaluation of wetlands is based on the analysis of their physical, biological and human use characteristics. The report discusses these functional characteristics and identifies specific criteria for determining the efficiency with which the respective functions are performed. Two potential wetlands evaluation methods are described. One is a nonquantitative method in which individual wetland areas are evaluated based on the deductive analysis of their individual functional characteristics. The other is a semi-quantitative method in which the relative values of two or more site alternatives are established through the mathematical rating and summation of their functional relationships. The specific functions and values of wetlands which are covered in this report are (1) natural biological functions, including food chain productivity and habitat, (2) their use as sanctuaries, refuges or scientific study areas, (3) shoreline protection, (4) groundwater recharge, (5) storage for flood and storm water, (6) water quality improvement, (7) hydrologic support, and (8) various cultural values. (Author).