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Kinetic models have often served as useful examples in develop ing the methodology for the design and analysis of experiments in volving mechanistic models. Thus, it is not surprising that these approaches have been applied quite successfully to kinetic obser vations. Nevertheless, many ideas and methods were developed indepen dently in various fields of science. More often than not, investi gators working in one area have not been aware of relevant advances in others. In order to facilitate the desirable exchange of ideas, a one-day symposium was held in Toronto in conjunction with the XIth International Congress of Biochemistry. Biochemists, pharmacolo gists,> and statisticians came together and discussed many of the topics presented in this volume. Participants in the symposium believed that it would be use ful to publish a collection of the presentations together with some additional material. The present volume is the result. It is an attempt to convey some of the interdisciplinary concerns involv ing mechanistic, and especially kinetic, model building. The coverage is by no means exhaustive: many principles, methods, and problems are not included. Even the applications are limited to biochemistry and pharmacology. Still, the symposium highlighted areas of current interest. These included questions of weighting, robust parameter estimation, pooled data analysis, model identification, and the design of experiments. These topics, which are of interest in many fields of science, are discus3ed also in the present volume.
This book introduces the theory and practice of statistical analysis of kinetic data for enzyme-catalysed reactions in the steady state. It includes a detailed description of the use of the Leonora program for analysing enzyme kinetic data, together with the program on an IBM PC compatibledisk. Default options and a worked example provide invaluable guidance for the student and the novice and in addition Analysis of Enzyme Kinetic Data provides each reader with the necessary software and the required understanding to tailor an analysis to the requirements of their own research. Theoretical topics include basic principles of a least squares analysis; fitting the Michaelis-Menten equation by a least squares analysis; the general linear model; residual plots; maximum likdlihood and efficiency; generalised medians; and robust regression. Practical topics include examinationand fitting of statistical data; installation of Leonora, its use, simulations, MENUs, and customization.
Chemical processes in many fields of science and technology, including combustion, atmospheric chemistry, environmental modelling, process engineering, and systems biology, can be described by detailed reaction mechanisms consisting of numerous reaction steps. This book describes methods for the analysis of reaction mechanisms that are applicable in all these fields. Topics addressed include: how sensitivity and uncertainty analyses allow the calculation of the overall uncertainty of simulation results and the identification of the most important input parameters, the ways in which mechanisms can be reduced without losing important kinetic and dynamic detail, and the application of reduced models for more accurate engineering optimizations. This monograph is invaluable for researchers and engineers dealing with detailed reaction mechanisms, but is also useful for graduate students of related courses in chemistry, mechanical engineering, energy and environmental science and biology.
This text provides a comprehensive and thorough overview of kinetic modelling in food systems, which will allow researchers to further their knowledge on the chemistry and practical use of modelling techniques. The main emphasis is on performing kinetic analyses and creating models, employing a hands-on approach focused on putting the content discussed to direct use. The book lays out the requisite basic information and data surrounding kinetic modelling, presents examples of applications to different problems and provides exercises that can be solved utilizing the data provided. Kinetic Analysis of Food Systems pursues a practical approach to kinetic analysis, providing helpful exercises involving chlorophyll degradation in processed vegetables, metabolic oscillations and sugar accumulation in cold-stored potatoes, transesterification of oils to manufacture biodiesel, aggregation of whey proteins to make protein gels and crystallization of fat stabilizers used in nut butters, among others. The book lays out the basics of kinetic modelling and develops several new models for the study of these complex systems. Taken together with the accompanying exercises, they offer a full portrait of kinetic analysis, from its basic scientific groundwork to its application.
Kinetic models have often served as useful examples in develop ing the methodology for the design and analysis of experiments in volving mechanistic models. Thus, it is not surprising that these approaches have been applied quite successfully to kinetic obser vations. Nevertheless, many ideas and methods were developed indepen dently in various fields of science. More often than not, investi gators working in one area have not been aware of relevant advances in others. In order to facilitate the desirable exchange of ideas, a one-day symposium was held in Toronto in conjunction with the XIth International Congress of Biochemistry. Biochemists, pharmacolo gists,> and statisticians came together and discussed many of the topics presented in this volume. Participants in the symposium believed that it would be use ful to publish a collection of the presentations together with some additional material. The present volume is the result. It is an attempt to convey some of the interdisciplinary concerns involv ing mechanistic, and especially kinetic, model building. The coverage is by no means exhaustive: many principles, methods, and problems are not included. Even the applications are limited to biochemistry and pharmacology. Still, the symposium highlighted areas of current interest. These included questions of weighting, robust parameter estimation, pooled data analysis, model identification, and the design of experiments. These topics, which are of interest in many fields of science, are discus3ed also in the present volume.
Today's frustrations and anxieties resulting from two energy crises in only one decade, show us the problems and fragility of a world built on high energy consumption, accustomed to the use of cheap non-renewable energy and to the acceptance of eXisting imbalances between the resources and demands of countries. Despite all these stressing factors, our world is still hesitatins about the urgency of undertaking new and decisive research that could stabilize our future, Could this trend change in the near future? In our view, two different scenarios are possible. A renewed energy tension could take place with an unpredictable timing mostly related to political and economic factors, This could bring again scientists and technologists to a new state of shock and awaken our talents, A second interesting and beneficial scenario could result from the positive influence of a new generation of researchers that with or without immediate crisis, acting both in industry and academia, will face the challenge of developing technologies and processes to pave the way to a less vulnerable society, Because Chemical Reactor Design and Technology activities are at the heart of these required new technologies the timeliness of the NATO-Advanced Study Institute at the University of Western Ontario, London, was very appropriate.
The range of courses requiring a good basic understanding of chemical kinetics is extensive, ranging from chemical engineers and pharmacists to biochemists and providing the fundamentals in chemistry. Due to the wide reaching nature of the subject readers often struggle to find a book which provides in-depth, comprehensive information without focusing on one specific subject too heavily. Here Dr Margaret Wright provides an essential introduction to the subject guiding the reader through the basics but then going on to provide a reference which professionals will continue to dip in to through their careers. Through extensive worked examples, Dr Wright, presents the theories as to why and how reactions occur, before examining the physical and chemical requirements for a reaction and the factors which can influence these. * Carefully structured, each chapter includes learning objectives, summary sections and problems. * Includes numerous applications to show relevance of kinetics and also provides plenty of worked examples integrated throughout the text.
The whole of Volume 22 is devoted to the kinetics and mechanisms of the decomposition and interaction of inorganic solids, extended to include metal carboxylates. After an introductory chapter on the characteristic features of reactions in the solid phase, experimental methods of investigation of solid reactions and the measurement of reaction rates are reviewed in Chapter 2 and the theory of solid state kinetics in Chapter 3. The reactions of single substances, loosely grouped on the basis of a common anion since it is this constituent which most frequently undergoes breakdown, are discussed in Chapter 4, the sequence being effectively that of increasing anion complexity. Chapter 5 covers reactions between solids, and includes catalytic processes where one solid component remains unchanged, double compound formation and rate processes involving the interactions of more than three crystalline phases. The final chapter summarises the general conclusions drawn in the text of Chapter 2-5.
This enzymology textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students covers the syllabi of most universities where this subject is regularly taught. It focuses on the synchrony between the two broad mechanistic facets of enzymology: the chemical and the kinetic, and also highlights the synergy between enzyme structure and mechanism. Designed for self-study, it explains how to plan enzyme experiments and subsequently analyze the data collected. The book is divided into five major sections: 1] Introduction to enzymes, 2] Practical aspects, 3] Kinetic Mechanisms, 4] Chemical Mechanisms, and 5] Enzymology Frontiers. Individual concepts are treated as stand-alone chapters; readers can explore any single concept with minimal cross-referencing to the rest of the book. Further, complex approaches requiring specialized techniques and involved experimentation (beyond the reach of an average laboratory) are covered in theory with suitable references to guide readers. The book provides students, researchers and academics in the broad area of biology with a sound theoretical and practical knowledge of enzymes. It also caters to those who do not have a practicing enzymologist to teach them the subject.
Pollution due to various anthropogenic activities continues to increase. In terms of water pollutants, organic and inorganic pollutants are the most problematic. Although several measures have been proposed and implemented to prevent or reduce contamination, their increased concentration in water bodies has created serious concerns. Over the years, the problem has been aggravated by industrialization, urbanization and the exploitation of natural resources. The direct discharge of wastewater contaminants and their geographical mobilization have caused an increase in concentration in ground, surface, fluvial and residual waters. Extensive information about detection and disposal methods is needed in order to develop technological solutions for a ­variety of environments, both urban and rural. This book provides up-to-date information on wastewater contaminants, aimed at researchers, engineers and technologists working in this field. Conventional physicochemical techniques used to remove contaminants from wastewater include ion exchange, precipitation, degradation, coagulation, coating, membrane processes and adsorption. However, these applications have technological and economic limitations, and involve the release of large amounts of chemical reagents and by-products that are themselves difficult to remove. Biosorption - the use of organically generated material as an adsorbent – is attracting new research and scholarship. Thermally-treated calcined biomaterials may be treated to remove heavy metals from wastewater. To ensure the elimination of these contaminants, existing solutions must be integrated with intelligent biosorption functions. Biosorption for Wastewater Contaminants will find an appreciative audience among academics and postgraduates working in the fields of environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, wastewater treatment technology and environmental chemistry.