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From the Authors' Preface The advancements of technology . . . and chemical engineering have brought about extensive use of a wide range of rheologically complex materials, e.g., polymeric solutions and melts, suspensions, mixtures, oil products, fibre-forming substances, etc. that are characterized by diverse and, every so often, significant deviations from classical Newtonian behavior. Such materials are often used in conditions where the formation of vapor-gas bubbles or two-phase flow regimes is possible. This necessitates deep investigations into the thermo-hydrodynamic problems of liquids with bubbles for the case of a continuous phase with anomalous rheological properties. These conditions are typical of a number of applications and manufacturing processes, e.g., gas removal from polymeric solutions or melts in production of film, chemical fibres and other polymeric materials. . . . The bubbles containing gas or vapor-gas mixtures are often present in polymeric systems. This is because of a number of reasons, e.g., a low wettability of solid surfaces by polymers, the use of volatile solvents, abundance of vapor-gas nuclei, the capture of gas by porous or fibre-like polymeric particles during the polymer dissolution or melting, etc. Spontaneous evacuation of bubbles in polymeric media is usually complicated by a high viscosity of the liquid; therefore two-phase polymeric systems possess a higher sedimentation and aggregation stability than bubble mixtures in low-molecular-weight liquids. One of the main problems in the dynamics of vapor-liquid and gas-liquid systems is the investigation of heat and mass transfer and phase interactions in a liquid with bubbles. The decisive importance of this problem in the analysis of various aspects of the bubbly fluid behavior under diverse conditions, in particular, during a sound wave propagation, has given impetus to numerous researches. The current state of art in the investigation of Newtonian liquids with bubbles is described in voluminous literature. However, these problems have been much less studied for non-Newtonian systems. Behavior of bubbles in polymeric liquids is of great interest because of wide application in chemical technology. . . . In a number of processes connected with the application of polymeric fluids, the dynamic interaction of bubbles with liquid phase plays the key role. Such interaction in the case of a polymeric liquid phase are essentially influenced by the specific properties of macromolecular fluids, including primarily the rheological effects. These effects in the bubble dynamics combined with heat and mass transfer between the bubble content and the ambient liquid constitute the main subject of the analysis presented in this book. Macrokinetics Laboratory, and Full Professor at the Byelorussian Polytechnic Institute, Department of Heat and Power Engineering. Dr. Schulman is recognized as a leading authority in his field of investigation. Extensive Bibliography: A valuable feature of this new book is its extensive international bibliography, with 393 references.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Non-Newtonian properties on bubble dynamics and cavitation are fundamentally different from those of Newtonian fluids. The most significant effect arises from the dramatic increase in viscosity of polymer solutions in an extensional flow, such as that generated about a spherical bubble during its growth or collapse phase. In addition, many biological fluids, such as blood, synovial fluid, and saliva, have non-Newtonian properties and can display significant viscoelastic behaviour. This monograph elucidates general aspects of bubble dynamics and cavitation in non-Newtonian fluids and applies them to the fields of biomedicine and bioengineering. In addition it presents many examples from the process industries. The field is strongly interdisciplinary and the numerous disciplines involve have and will continue to overlook and reinvent each others’ work. This book helps researchers to think intuitively about the diverse physics of these systems, to attempt to bridge the various communities involved, and to convey the interest, elegance, and variety of physical phenomena that manifest themselves on the micrometer and microsecond scales.
The book covers production, structure, properties and potential applications of nanocellular polymers fabricated by using foaming methods. These materials are porous materials with pore sizes in the nanometer range, processed as bulk or film materials, from a wide set of polymers. Reduction of pore size to the nanoscale drastically modifies important properties such as thermal conductivity, optical properties, mechanical properties and specific surface area among others providing improved properties and promising applications for these materials in automotive, aeronautic, renewable energies, construction, filtration or thermal insulation.
This volume is a collection of research papers presented at the program on Moving Interface Problems and Applications in Fluid Dynamics, which was held between January 8 and March 31, 2007 at the Institute for Mathematical Sciences (IMS) of the National University of Singapore. The topics discussed include modeling and simulations of biological flow coupled to deformable tissue/elastic structure, shock wave and bubble dynamics and various applications including biological treatments with experimental verification, multi-medium flow or multi-phase flow and various applications including cavitation/supercavitation, detonation problems, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid, and many other areas. Readers can benefit from some recent research results in these areas.
Provides thorough coverage of the scientific foundations and the latest advances in particle motion in non-Newtonian media. Proveds a new detailed section on the effect of confinement on heat transfer from bluff-bodies Demonstrates how dynamic behavior of single particles can yield useful information for modeling transport processes in complex multiphase flows. Addresses heat transfer in viscoplastic fluids throughout the entire book. Highlights qualitative differences between the response of a Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in the complex flows encountered in processing applications
Foamability of Thermoplastic Polymeric Materials presents a cutting-edge approach to thermoplastic polymeric foams, drawing on the latest research and guiding the reader through the fundamental science, foamability, structure-property-processing relationship, multi-phase polymeric materials, degradation characteristics of biodegradable foams and advanced applications. Sections provide detailed information on foam manufacturing technologies and the fundamental science behind foaming, present insights on the factors affecting foamability, cover ways of enhancing the foamability of various polymeric materials, with special focus on multi-phase systems, discuss the degradation of biodegradable foams and special morphology development for scaffolds, packaging, acoustic and super-insulation applications, as well as cell seeding studies in scaffolds. Each application has specific requirements in terms of desired properties. This in-depth coverage and analysis helps those looking to move forward with microcellular processing and polymer foaming. This is an ideal resource for researchers, advanced students and professionals interested in the microcellular processing of polymeric materials in the areas of polymer foaming, polymer processing, plastics engineering and materials science. - Offers in-depth coverage of factors affecting foamability and methods for enhancing the foamability of polymeric materials - Explores innovative applications in a range of areas, including scaffolds, acoustic applications, packaging and super-insulation - Provides a comprehensive, critical overview of the state-of-the-art, possible future research directions, and opportunities for industrial application
Multiphase Flow in Polymer Processing focuses on dispersed and stratified multiphase flow in polymer processing. This book explores the rheological behavior of multiphase (or multicomponent) polymeric systems as they are involved in various fabrication operations. It also outlines the importance of the morphological states of multiphase polymeric systems to explain the systems, rheological behavior in the fluid state, and mechanical behavior in the solid state. This monograph consists of eight chapters divided into two parts. After discussing dispersed and stratified multiphase flow in polymer processing, it introduces the reader to the fundamentals of rheology. The following chapters focus on the rheological behavior of particulate-filled polymeric systems and heterogeneous polymeric systems; the phenomenon of droplet breakup in dispersed flow; and gas-charged polymeric systems. The role of the discrete phase (that is, solid particles, liquid droplets, gas bubbles) in determining the bulk rheological properties of the multiphase system is highlighted, along with some representative polymer processing operations (namely, fiber spinning and injection molding) of the multiphase (or multicomponent) polymeric systems. Coextrusion in cylindrical, rectangular, and annular dies is also considered. The final chapter is devoted to the phenomenon of interfacial instability in coextrusion. This text will be a useful resource for chemists, chemical engineers, and those in the polymer processing industry.