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A layered spline finite strip model for the analysis of reinforced concrete slab bridges is presented in this paper. The natural coordinates are adopted to make the method suitable for arbitrary curved slab bridges. A material model based on orthotropic nonlinear elasticity is employed to represent the property of plain concrete. Reinforcement is modeled as an elastoplastic strain-hardening material. The Newton-Raphson method and relaxation techniques are used to solve the nonlinear stiffness equation. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the model.
In-depth, comprehensive and up-to-date information on the powerful finite strip method of analysis of bridges. It is in three parts. The first introduces the method and gives the necessary background. The second explains the evolution of the method and the third part provides detailed information on the application of the method to highway bridges.
The increase in the popularity and the number of potential applications of the finite strip method has created a demand for a definitive text/reference on the subject. Fulfilling this demand, The Finite Strip Method provides practicing engineers, researchers, and students with a comprehensive introduction and theoretical development, and a complete treatment of current practical applications of the method. Written by experts who are arguably the world's leading authorities in the field, The Finite Strip Method covers both the classical strip and the newly developed spline strip and computed shape function strip. Applications in structural engineering, with particular focus on practical structures such as slab-beam bridges, box girder bridges, and tall buildings are discussed extensively. Applications in geotechnology are also covered, as are recently formulated applications in nonlinear analysis. The Finite Strip Method is a unique book, supplying much-needed information by well-known and highly regarded authors.
Finite Strip Method in Structural Analysis is a concise introduction to the theory of the finite strip method and its application to structural engineering, with special reference to practical structures such as slab bridges and box girder bridges. Topics covered include the bending of plates and plate-beam systems, with application to slab-beam bridges; plane stress analysis; vibration and stability of plates and shells; and finite layer and finite prism methods. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the theory of the finite strip method, highlighting the importance of the choice of suitable displacement functions for a strip as well as the formulation of strip characteristics. Subsequent chapters consider many different types of finite strips for plate and shell problems and present numerical examples. The extension of the finite strip method to three-dimensional problems is then described, with emphasis on the finite layer method and the finite prism method. The final chapter discusses some computer methods that are commonly used in structural analysis. A folded plate computer program is included for completeness, and a detailed description for a worked problem is also presented for the sake of clarity. This monograph will be of interest to civil and structural engineers.
The analysis of highway bridges such as slab-on-girder bridges, box-girder bridges, cable-stayed bridges etc. is a very complicated undertaking. Analytical methods are applicable only for the simplest structures. Finite element method is the most powerful and versatile tool, which can be applied to analyze any types of bridge and any load cases. However, the efficiency of that method needs to be improved because the finite element solutions usually require too much computer time, too large core storage and too many input data.
This report presents an investigation of the behavior of simply supported, multi-lane, reinforced concrete solid slab bridges using the finite element method. Solid slab bridges have a behavior pattern that falls between one-way slab behavior and two-way slab behavior. Geometric parameters such as: span length, thickness of slab, number of lanes, presence of shoulders, and the location of trucks, affect the behavioral pattern of solid slab bridges. Therefore, this study will investigate the effect of these factors by analyzing one-lane, two-lane, three-lane, and four-lane bridges, with or without shoulders, each having four different span lengths. Bridges were fully loaded (one AASHTO HS20 truck in each lane). Loads were either centered in every lane, or located towards one edge of the slab. In addition, all the slab bridges with shoulders were over-loaded by assuming a disabled truck on one edge of the bridge in combination with the other design trucks stationed side by side; this combination produces the worst loading conditions on the bridge. Design trucks were positioned in the longitudinal direction in order to produce the maximum positive bending moment.--The finite element method is proposed to analyze the solid slab bridges by using the structural analysis program SAP90. The research focussed on evaluating the maximum lateral bending moment distribution over the critical cross-section of the bridges. The results of this study were used to assess the design approach currently employed by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) " Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (1996)."