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This book focuses on international research in flood-related areas and sustainable management. It consists of a compilation of innovative works, demonstrating best practices in flood management and recommend flood solutions. The selected papers cover the fundamentals and latest advances in the area, complete with illustrations, diagrams and tables. These proceedings serve as a source of information and state-of-the-art technology in managing floods to improve quality of life.
Some earlier studies have shown that the typical disinfection contact tanks may not provide efficient use of chlorine due to design and operational deficiencies (Hart & Gupta 1978, Sepp 1981). Though increased chlorine dosages enable the potable water to meet disinfection requirements, such practice may result in the costly waste of chlorine and the residual of chlorine-induced toxicity. However, there are no widely accepted tools currently available for contact unit design, apart from engineering experience or expensive physical models. With the continuing fapid progresses in the capability of modern computers, the availability of efficient computational techniques and interactive graphics techniques to give a user-friendly front end, it is right time to develop a sophisticated software tool to direct design engineers for water treatment tank design. This project is based on the development of the simulation module (SM) for a new sophisticated software package, i.e. CONTANK, and extensive studies have been made regarding the user interface, simulation of disinfection processes and turbulence structure, and numerical schemes. Since this robust user-oriented software is required to deal with various challenging problems and the SM is at the center of the sandwich, connections between the simulation module and the user interface module (UIM) must be carefully established to carry out such tasks as: process the input data for different tank configurations, conduct simulations with arbitrarily shaped boundaries, set up debug tool to indicate errors to alert the user and optimize the contact tank desiqn and operation easily. As most flows in practice are always turbulent, the numerical investigation started from the two statistical approaches of turbulence models for the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, i.e. (a) Reynolds-Average Equation; and (b) Large Eddy Simulation (LES). With regard to the problem of closure, several turbulence models have been examined and their results are compared, including the dep'th mean eddy viscosity and ks models in the Reynolds equation and the Smagorinsky model in lES (Abbott 1989). Numerical discretization of the advective terms has been most problematic. In order to.
Water and wastewater treatment normally take place in a series of continuous flow units, each designed to perform a step of the intended purification process - typically involving coagulation or flocculation, sedimentation or filtration, and disinfection. The flow pattern governs the residence/contact time, turbulence levels, collisions and shear to which different fluid portions are subjected in their passage through the unit. The efficiency of a given unit depends as much on the relevant physical, chemical or biological reaction as on the flow pattern taking place inside. This combined effect of flow features on process efficiency is often overlooked in teaching the design of water and wastewater treatment units, and so it is not uncommon to find treatment units in operating in a cost-ineffective way, causing health and environmental problems. This book introduces engineering students to concepts and practical measures associated with the rational design of treatment units, leading to more realistic and potentially optimal solutions for new units as well as for retrofitting existing units. Key basic concepts and suitable analytical tools are described, illustrated and worked through using practical examples. Engineering undergraduates and graduates should benefit from the book while undertaking standalone modules on the topic and/or supplementary classes of existing courses on unit treatment processes. The book may also be useful for technical and engineering staff involved in designing and/or retrofitting units for better cost-effectiveness and footprint reduction of the water and wastewater treatment sector.
The Definitive Guide to Land Development-Every Detail, Every Issue, Every Setting Land Development Handbook provides a step-by-step approach to any type of project, from rural greenfield development to suburban infill to urban redevelopment. With the latest information regarding green technologies and design, the book offers you a comprehensive look at the land-development process as a whole, as well as a thorough view of individual disciplines. Plus, a bonus color insert reveals the extent to which land development projects are transforming our communities! This all-in-one guide provides in-depth coverage of: Environmental issues from erosion and sediment control and stormwater management to current regulatory controls for plan approval, permitting, and green building certification Comprehensive planning and zoning including new development models for mixed-use, transit-oriented, and conservation developments Enhanced approaches to community and political consensus building Technical design procedures for infrastructure components including roads and utilities with a new section on dry utilities Surveying tools and techniques focusing on the use of GPS and GIS to collect, present, and preserve data throughout the design process Plan preparation, submission, and processing with an emphasis on technologies available-from CAD modeling and design to electronic submissions, permit processing, and tracking Subjects include: Planning and zoning Real Property Law Engineering Feasibility Environmental Regulations Rezoning Conceptual and Schematic Design Development Patterns Control, Boundary, and Topographical Surveys Historic Assessment and Preservation Street and Utility Design Floodplain Studies Grading and Earthwork Water and Wastewater Treatment Cost Estimating Subdivision Process Plan Submittals Stormwater Management Erosion and Sediment Control And much more!